避免在4个符号中包含长度为3的单词上使用正方形

M. Rosenfeld
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引用次数: 5

摘要

2007年,Grytczuk猜想,对于任意大小为3的字母序列(li)i≥1,存在一个无平方的无限单词w,使得对于所有i, w的第i个字母属于li。1906年Thue的结果表明,如果所有的li都相同,则存在一个无限的无平方词。另一方面,Grytczuk, Przyby lo和Zhu在2011年表明,如果li的大小是4而不是3,它也成立。在本文中,我们首先证明,如果列表的大小为4,则无平方词的数量至少为2.45(之前类似的边界为2)。然后我们展示了我们的主要结果:如果列表是大小为4的相同字母表的大小为3的子集,我们可以构造这样一个无平方词。我们的证明还表明,对于任何这样的列表分配,至少有1.25个长度为n的无平方词。这个证明依赖于用计算机验证的一组系数的存在性。我们怀疑,如果有一台功能强大得多的计算机,我们可以用这种方法解决整个猜想(但我们可能需要等上几十年才能得到这样一台计算机)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Avoiding squares over words with lists of size three amongst four symbols
In 2007, Grytczuk conjecture that for any sequence (li)i≥1 of alphabets of size 3 there exists a square-free infinite word w such that for all i, the ith letter of w belongs to li. The result of Thue of 1906 implies that there is an infinite square-free word if all the li are identical. On the other, hand Grytczuk, Przyby lo and Zhu showed in 2011 that it also holds if the li are of size 4 instead of 3. In this article, we first show that if the lists are of size 4, the number of square-free words is at least 2.45 (the previous similar bound was 2). We then show our main result: we can construct such a square-free word if the lists are subsets of size 3 of the same alphabet of size 4. Our proof also implies that there are at least 1.25 square-free words of length n for any such list assignment. This proof relies on the existence of a set of coefficients verified with a computer. We suspect that the full conjecture could be resolved by this method with a much more powerful computer (but we might need to wait a few decades for such a computer to be available).
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