Flexible phalli: contextualising the magic and materiality of a Romano-British antler phallus from Colsterworth Quarry, Lincolnshire

ABSTRACT In 1932 a deer antler carved into the form of an approximately life-sized, three-dimensional, erect human phallus was discovered alongside Romano-British activity at Colsterworth Quarry, Lincolnshire and donated to Grantham Museum. Never previously subject to a discussion in print, this article considers the phallus through the lenses of apotropaic magic and the magico-medicinal and socio-religious significance of deer and deer products in Roman Britain. The original context of discovery is not well recorded, though likely relates to an area of industrial activity with an associated settlement nearby. A variety of potential functional and ritual contexts for the antler phallus are considered: as a fragment of religious statuary, an apotropaic device on a building or vehicle, a votive offering, and as part of a tool or vessel. These discussions explore the highly contextualised applications of embodied and disembodied phallic imagery in Roman Britain, the liminal space between concepts of religion and magic, and the significance of materiality and embodied interaction when considering the socio-religious significance of phallic imagery.