利用种间嫁接解决东加里曼丹来榴莲无性繁殖中砧木短缺问题

W. Sunaryo, H. Pranoto, Nurhasanah, Rahman
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摘要

来榴莲(Durio zibethinus x kutejensis)是紫榴莲(Durio zibethinus,土名:榴莲)与库特jensis (Lai,土名:赖)自然杂交而成的榴莲品种,其果皮颜色金黄,口感甘甜无味,质地柔软干燥,保质期长(7-10天),可食用部分高,单株年单果重和单产较高,具有较高的果实品质和经济价值。由于砧木利用率低,使得来榴莲的无性繁殖,特别是芽嫁接和枝嫁接的无性繁殖面临着问题。研究了三种不同砧木源齐白草(D. zibethinus)、库特金(D. kutejensis)和齐白草x库特金(D. zibethinus x kutejensis)的切花芽接和裂接两种嫁接方式的相容性和生长性能。本研究选用了3个国家优良的来榴莲品种,即赖加延、赖满东和好莱森塔瓦作为接穗源。以4 ~ 5月龄、株高50 ~ 60 cm的苗木为砧木,进行片芽和劈接共180次嫁接。2个月后,对嫁接成活率、株高、茎部和砧木直径、叶片数和分枝数增长量等生长参数进行评价。来榴莲在三种不同砧木上的嫁接是相容的,采用切芽(94%)或裂接(60%)的方式嫁接成功。三种砧木的嫁接亲和性和生长情况无显著差异,因此两种砧木均可替代两种砧木。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Interspecific grafting to solve the rootstock shortage in vegetative propagation of Lai-durian (Durio zibethinus x kutejensis) originated from East Kalimantan
Lai-durian (Durio zibethinus x kutejensis) is a durio species derived from a natural crossing between Durio zibethinus (Durian, local name) and Durio kutejensis (Lai, local name) showing high performance of fruit quality and economic value such as golden yellow aril color, sweet and odourless taste, soft and dry texture, long shelf life (7-10 days), high edible portion, and relatively high fruit weight and yield per plant per year. The vegetative propagation of Lai-durian especially using shoot or bud grafting is facing a problem due to the low rootstock availability since Lai-durian seeds show a high percentage of abnormal/undeveloped seeds. This research was performed to evaluate the compatibility and growth performance of the interspecific grafting of two different grafting types, chip budding and cleft grafting using three different rootstock sources, D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis, and D. zibethinus x kutejensis. Three superior national varieties of Lai-durian, i.e., Lai Kayan, Lai Mandong, and Holai Sentawar were used in this research as scion sources. The total number of 180 grafting occasions of chip budding and cleft grafting was conducted using 4–5 months-old seedling plants with 50-60 cm height as rootstocks. The survival rate of the successful grafting and several growth parameters, i.e., plant height, shoot and rootstock diameter, leaf number, and branch number increment were evaluated for two months. The interspecific grafting of Lai-durian on three different rootstock seedlings derived from D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis, and D..zibethinus x kutejensis was compatible and showed a successful graft union using chip budding (94%) or cleft grafting (60%). The use of D. zibethinus and D. kutejensis as rootstocks could replace those of D. zibethinus x kutejensis since there were no significant differences in the grafting compatibility and growth among the three varieties of rootstocks.
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