埃塞俄比亚南部国家、民族和民族地区谢卡地区药用和野生食用植物的民族生态学研究

Zewdie Kassa, Zemede Asfaw Z. Asfaw, S. Demissew
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引用次数: 3

摘要

对埃塞俄比亚西南部谢卡地区药用和野生食用植物进行了民族生态学研究。目的是记录和分析药用和野生食用植物的区系组成和相关的民族植物学知识。本研究采用标准植物分类学、植物生态学和民族植物学相结合的方法。收集植被数据的样地共95块,其中乔木样地为30 m × 30 m,灌木样地为10 m × 10 m,草本样地为5 m × 5 m。通过半结构化访谈和与信息者的讨论,414名信息者参与了民族植物学数据的收集。采用R统计软件3.2.3版和民族植物学分析方法对数据进行分析。共有555种植物,其中药用植物266种(48%);记录到人类消费的野生植物35种(6.31%)。所记录的植物种类隶属于115科341属,具有较高的分类多样性。共鉴定出8种植物群落类型。除气候变异外,海拔、坡度、坡向放牧和干扰等5个环境因子对植物群落类型的影响也很大,其中海拔对植物群落类型的影响最大。确定了14种主要的植物用途类别,包括药用和野生食用。药用植物分布在8个植物群落中,占其物种组成的46% ~ 72%。35种野生食用植物中药用植物占85.71%。人口增长、商业农业和柴火收集是对植被的主要威胁。植物群落类型:药用植物群落类型占其物种组成的65%以上,需要重点保护。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ethno-ecological study of medicinal and wild edible plants in Sheka Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia
An ethno-ecological study on medicinal and wild edible plants was conducted in Sheka Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. The objective was to document and analyze the floristic composition and the associated ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal and wild edible plants. The study applied a combination of standard plant taxonomic, plant ecological and ethnobotanical methods. Ninety five plots of 30 m by 30 m for trees, 10 m by 10 m for shrubs and 5 m by 5 m for herbs were used to collect vegetation data. Four hundred fourteen informants were involved in the ethnobotanical data collection using semi-structured interviews and discussion with informants. Data were analyzed using R Statistical Software version 3.2.3 and analytical methods of ethnobotany. A total of 555 plant species of which 266 (48%) those used as medicinal; 35 (6.31%) wild plants consumed by people were recorded. The plant species recorded indicated high taxonomic diversity as they belong to 341 genera and 115 families. Eight plant community types were identified. In addition to climatic variability, five environmental factors including altitude, slope, aspect grazing, and disturbance had significant contributions in determining plant community types where altitude is the most influential. Fourteen major plant use categories were identified including the medicinal and the wild edibles. The medicinal plants are distributed within the eight plant communities constituting 46% to 72% of their species composition. Of the 35 wild edible plants, 85.71% were also said to be medicinal. Increasing population, commercial agriculture and firewood collection were among the major threats to the vegetation. Plant communities: Ficus-sur-Croton macrostachyus, Schefflera abyssinica-Syzygium guineense, Ilex mitis-Macaranga capensis and Arundinaria alpina-Lepidotrichillia volkensii plant community types constituted more than 65% of their species composition as medicinal, hence, need priority attention for conservation.
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