Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Co-existing with Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition with unknown causes and is characterized by the infiltration of significant numbers of Langerhans cells in the affected tissues leading to formation of granulomas. In this chapter, we have discussed the case of a 31-year-old man with a swollen, diffusely firm, non-tender, non-mobile thyroid swelling presented with Langerhans cell histiocytosis associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The thyroid was shown to be involved by langerhans cell histiocytosis, confirmed with fine needle aspiration cytology. The patient was examined, and no signs of structural intervention were discovered. After ten cycles of vinblastine and etoposide chemotherapy, there was no reduction in the extent of the swelling observed.