英国牛的新孢子虫

L. Jerram
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摘要

新孢子虫病最初是在1980年代发现的,此后已被确定为牛的一种地方病和流产的一个重要原因。犬新孢子虫是一种专性的、细胞内的原生动物寄生虫,依靠中间和最终宿主来完成其生命周期。新孢子虫感染使牛流产的可能性是健康动物的3到13倍。小牛可能活着出生,但潜伏感染了新孢子虫或有明显的缺陷。疾病传播可以是水平传播,当牛摄入被感染的狗粪便污染的饲料时,导致潜伏性或外源性经胎盘感染;或者当潜伏性感染复发时,产生先天性感染的小牛时,疾病传播可以是垂直传播。检测包括血清学或直接检测,如果有流产材料。如果在流产事件发生前及时进行血清学检查,可提供推定诊断。根除这种疾病需要通过血清学确定受感染的奶牛和受感染的家族系,并将这些个体从牛群中清除。这种方法需要时间,因为血清呈阳性的奶牛并不总是返回阳性测试,而且在血清阳性率高的牛群中,从经济上讲,移除大量动物是不可行的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Neospora in UK cattle
Neosporosis was first identified in the 1980s and has since become well established as an endemic disease of cattle and a significant cause of abortion. Neospora caninum is an obligate, intracellular, protozoal parasite that relies on intermediate and definitive hosts to complete its lifecycle. Neospora infection leaves cattle three to thirteen times more likely to abort than a healthy animal. Calves may be born alive but be latently infected owith Neospora or have obvious defects. Disease transmission can be horizontal, when cattle ingest feed contaminated with infected dog faeces that results in latency or exogenous transplacental infection, or vertical when latent infection recrudesces, producing a congenitally infected calf. Testing involves serology or direct testing if abortion material is available. Serology can provide a presumptive diagnosis when carried out near in time to an abortion event. Eradicating the disease involves identifying infected cows and infected family lines through serology and removing these individuals from the herd. This approach takes time because seropositive cows do not always return positive tests, and in a herd with a high seroprevalence it is not economically viable to remove large numbers of animals.
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