K. James, M. Lehane, C. Moroney, P. Fernández‐Puente, M. Satake, T. Yasumoto, A. Furey
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引用次数: 54
摘要
最近在欧洲,许多人因食用爱尔兰贻贝而急性中毒,被认为是由于一种名为氮氮酸的新毒素的存在。该研究表明,氮唑吡嗪酸的行为与其他聚醚毒素不同,这解释了监管机构用于检测氮唑吡嗪酸的小鼠生物测定中大多数假阴性结果的原因。通常情况下,聚醚毒素集中在贝类的消化腺,但这并不总是与氮唑酸的情况。液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS),特别是多重串联质谱(multiple - tandem MS)方法,已经证明氮唑吡酯(AZA1)及其甲基和去甲基类似物AZA2和AZA3分别分布在贝类组织中。使用传统的小鼠生物测定方案,仅使用贝类总氮氮唑酸含量的0-40%进行测定,这可能直接导致假阴性结果。在不同的贻贝组织中,毒素分布也有显著差异,消化腺中以AZA1为主,其余组织中以AZA3为主。
Azaspiracid shellfish poisoning: unusual toxin dynamics in shellfish and the increased risk of acute human intoxications
A number of recent acute human intoxications in Europe from the consumption of Irish mussels have been attributed to the presence of a new class of toxins named azaspiracids. The study demonstrates that azaspiracids behave differently from other polyether toxins, and this accounts for most false-negative results in the mouse bioassay employed by regulatory agencies to detect azaspiracids. Typically, polyether toxins are concentrated in the digestive glands of shellfish, but this is not always the situation with azaspiracids. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), especially multiple tandem MS methods, have been applied to demonstrate that azaspiracid (AZA1) and its methyl- and demethyl- analogues, AZA2 and AZA3 respectively, are distributed throughout shellfish tissues. Using conventional mouse bioassay protocols, only 0–40% of the total azaspiracid content of shellfish was used in the assay, which could directly account for false-negative results. It was also observed that the toxin profiles differed significantly in various mussel tissues with AZA1 as the predominant toxin in the digestive glands and AZA3 predominant in the remaining tissues.