乌克兰行政改革的弱点与成功

T. Michalski, Yevhen Matviyishyn, V. Luhova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

雷恩是最后一批开始实施行政改革的后共产主义国家之一。本研究的目的是分析2014-2020年乌克兰行政改革主要阶段的地方层面结果。该分析涉及乌克兰地方政府单位,相当于劳1和劳2。在收集数据时,采用了所谓的源三角剖分。在分析中使用SWOT方法,并以Neshkova和Konstadinova的出版物(2012)作为参考点。权力和财政的下放导致了合并地区社区(atc)的建立,它们能够更好地提供公共服务。因此,在这方面,到目前为止,乌克兰行政改革的效果与Neshkova和Konstadinova(2012)在其他后共产主义国家所诊断的效果相似。诚然,乌克兰的腐败现象有所减少,但也只是一点点。因此,Neshkova和Konstadinova(2012)关于行政改革对减少后共产主义国家腐败的积极影响的假设在乌克兰没有得到证实。根据SWOT分析的详细结果,这次改革的最大优势包括财政分权的部分成功和国家区域发展基金(SRDF)的建立,以支持地方政府的发展。公共服务质量也有所提高。但是,也有一些弱点,例如新的atc收到的资金仍然太少,储备基金的运作也不正常。国际上对这一改革的支持和加强非政府组织的活动被认为是最大的机会。目前存在的最强烈的内生威胁是(尽管有所下降)腐败水平,而外生威胁是来自俄罗斯的威胁。此外,新冠肺炎大流行的负面影响可以在改革实施的最后看到。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Weaknesses and successes of the Ukrainian administrative reform
raine is one of the last post-communist countries where implementation of administrative reforms has started in practice. The aim of the study is to analyze the local-level results of the main stage of the administrative reform in Ukraine which was carried out in 2014–2020. The analysis concerns Ukrainian local government units equivalent to LAU 1 and LAU 2. When collecting data, the so-called triangulation of sources was applied. The SWOT method was used in the analysis, and Neshkova and Konstadinova’s publication (2012) constitutes the reference point. The decentralization of power and finance has led to the creation of amalgamated territorial communities (ATCs), better able to deliver public services. Thus, in this respect, the effects of the administrative reform in Ukraine so far have been similar to those diagnosed by Neshkova and Konstadinova (2012) in other post-communist countries. Admittedly, corruption in Ukraine has decreased, but only slightly. Therefore, Neshkova and Konstadinova’s (2012) assumption about the positive impact of administrative reforms on reducing corruption in post-communist countries was not confirmed in Ukraine. Referring to the detailed results of the SWOT analysis, the greatest strengths of this reform included the partial success of financial decentralization and the establishment of the State Regional Development Fund (SRDF) to support the development of local governments. The quality of public services has also improved. However, there were also weaknesses in the form of still too small funds received by the new ATCs and irregularities in the functioning of the SRDF. International support for this reform and the intensification of the activities of non-governmental organizations were considered to be the greatest opportunities. The still existing strongest threat of an endogenous nature is (despite its decline) the level of corruption, and the exogenous one is a threat from Russia. In addition, the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic can be seen at the end of the implementation of the reform.
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