重度弱智个体条件歧视的正、负刺激关系

William J. McIlvane , Jeffrey K. Withstandley , Lawrence T. Stoddard
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引用次数: 52

摘要

四名低功能智障被试在双比较听觉-视觉和视觉-视觉认同匹配-样本范式下习得条件歧视表现。听觉刺激是说出来的食物名称,视觉刺激是食物项目。通过刺激塑造程序,研究人员还教受试者执行一种不同的视听任务,其中每次试验只显示一个比较:如果显示正确的比较,选择它;如果不正确,则选择空白选项。按照程序,受试者根据样本与正确的比较(正关系)或样本与错误的比较(负关系)之间的关系进行听觉-视觉条件判别。另外,在单一比较中进行了正相关和负相关的测试(1),在听觉视觉表现中,有两次比较历史,但没有用于刺激塑造的食物,以及(2)在视觉视觉识别表现中。所有受试者都证明有能力进行这样的表演。结果表明,当发展有限的个体接受匹配样本的训练时,积极和消极条件关系的习得都可能发生。这一结果可能与为这一人群设计补救性沟通方案有关,尤其是那些涉及“是”-“否”概念的补救性沟通方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Positive and negative stimulus relations in severely retarded individuals′ conditional discrimination

Four low-functioning mentally retarded subjects learned conditional discrimination performances in two-comparison auditory-visual and visual-visual identity matching-to-sample paradigms. Auditory stimuli were spoken food names and visual stimuli were food items. The subjects were also taught, by means of a stimulus shaping program, to perform a variant of the auditory-visual task in which only one comparison was displayed on each trial: if the correct one was displayed, to select it; if an incorrect one, to select a blank alternative. Following the program, subjects performed auditory-visual conditional discriminations on the basis of relations between either the sample and the correct comparison (positive relations) or the sample and the incorrect comparison (negative relations). Additional tests, conducted in the single comparison positive and negative relations (1) in auditory-visual performances with foods that had a two-comparison history, but had not been used in stimulus shaping, and (2) in visual-visual identity performances. All subjects proved capable of such performances. The results suggested that acquisition of both postive and negative conditional relations may occur when developmentally-limited individuals are trained with matching-to-sample procedures. This outcome may be relevant to designing remedial communication programs for this population—especially those concerning generalized “Yes”-“No” concepts.

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