Required Force for Penetrate the Duck Eggshell to Protect at Handling and Hatching

The research aims to study the force required to break the shell of duck eggs, which helps to provide the conditions for the process of hatching eggs and circulation. The physical and mechanical properties hade been measured. The most important results were as follows: The arithmetic mean of the length and the longest diameter 56.19, 42.94 mm, the coefficient of shape, surface area and volume were 0.77, 18071.11 mm 2, 16.0 mm , the thickness of the eggshell from the middle, top and bottom 0.23 mm, 0.23 mm 2, 0.21 mm, the minimum and maximum force required to break the egg and the occurrence of hatching, at top, middle, and bottom (0.05, 32.24 N), (0.11, 25.67 N), (0.05, 32.70 N), the standard deviation was 7.53, 6.52, and 8.02, respectively, the mean was 14.91, 12.23, and 14.73 N, respectively. The minimum and maximum distance that the surface advances was 0.015, and 9.0 mm to the center, and 13.8 mm to the bottom of the egg shell. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that there were significant differences in the value of the compressive force depending on the area of breaking the egg. The least of them was in the middle, the area of fracture (collapse) when the egg hatched. It is preferable to use the largest pressure force (32.7 N) to break the egg to ensure the highest hatching rate inside the