Prognosis of diabetic coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as mortality and morbidity risk factor for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Studies revealed that there are controversies concerning the results of a post coronary surgery diabetic patients. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the short-term outcomes in this group of patients.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective study of 180 patients that were subjected to CABG between January 2014 and January 2016 in Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt. Sixty-one patients (34%) were diabetic (group I) and 119 patients (66%) were non-diabetic (group II). During follow-up period the hospital mortality, complications and major cardiovascular events were analyzed. All patients admitted with a diagnosis of diabetes had an HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L).

Results

Operative mortality was 3% (n = 2) in the diabetic group and 1% (n = 1) in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.3). Euro score was predictably higher in diabetic patients (1.2 vs 0.84, p = 0.001). The study of the risk factors associated with hospital complications revealed that the absence of diabetes was a protective factor for hospital complications but statistically insignificant. The rate of major cardiovascular events at 2 years period of follow-up in diabetic and non-diabetic groups was (12/50) 24% and (16/93)17%, respectively (p = 0.43).

Conclusions

The improvement in management of DM patients leads to acceptable operative mortality post-CABG and decrease the incidence of complications and events in the short-term follow-up period.