[Diabetes mellitus].

Type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from the body's failure to produce sufficient insulin. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from resistance to the insulin, often initially with normal or increased levels of circulating insulin. Gestational diabetes: pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood glucose levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes affects about 4% of all pregnant women. It may precede development of type 2 (or rarely type 1) diabetes. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) includes several forms of diabetes with monogenetic defects of beta-cell function (impaired insulin secretion), usually manifesting as mild hyperglycaemia at a young age and usually inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner. [1] Secondary diabetes: accounts for only 1-2% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Causes include: Pancreatic disease: cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, carcinoma of the pancreas. Endocrine: Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, thyrotoxicosis, phaeochromocytoma, glucagonoma. Drug-induced: thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, atypical antipsychotics, antiretroviral protease inhibitors. Congenital lipodystrophy. Acanthosis nigricans. Genetic: Wolfram's syndrome (which is also referred to as DIDMOAD: diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness). [2] Friedreich's ataxia. Dystrophia myotonica. Haemochromatosis. Glycogen storage diseases.