保护教育免受军事干预:历史散文和当前的现实

Нalyna Kalinicheva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这个问题的紧迫性是由俄罗斯联邦对乌克兰发动的战争决定的。有一千多所教育机构被摧毁或损坏,60%的乌克兰儿童被迫成为难民:在乌克兰获得国内流离失所者或移民到不同的国家。在2022年俄罗斯对乌克兰的军事侵略期间,超过563名儿童受伤,202名儿童死亡,超过361名儿童受伤(截至2022年4月17日)。如今,在乌克兰的一些地区,公民的生命和健康受到真正的威胁,在大多数地区,空气警报在白天反复宣布,组织教育过程,甚至通过远程学习或利用其要素,正成为一个日益严重的问题。本文的目的是强调保护教育不受敌对行动影响的历史经验,形成保护平民和儿童这一武装冲突中特别脆弱的类别的法律框架,形成保护儿童和青年受教育权的现代国际人道主义法体系。作者运用了一般科学的分析、综合、归纳、演绎方法和历史研究方法:分期法、历史-比较法、历史-发生法、历史-系统法。这篇文章介绍了世界历史上的事实,证明在军事冲突期间教育机构、平民和儿童受到保护。需要强调的是,在二十至二十一世纪,战斗人员广泛将学校和大学用于军事目的:安置人员或作为基地和弹药库、拘留中心和其他军事目的,这影响到教育过程的参与者和处于危险中的教育工作人员机构。发件人指出,在大多数受冲突或不稳定影响的国家,儿童和青年受教育的权利受到侵犯。袭击教育机构的后果是伤亡、教育基础设施遭到破坏、教育和培训质量下降、教育进程参与者缺乏社会保护,这使得各国无法实现儿童和青年的受教育权。这篇文章的重点是俄罗斯军事侵略所决定的现代乌克兰现实。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PROTECTION OF EDUCATION FROM MILITARY INTERVENTION: HISTORICAL ESSAYS AND REALITIES OF THE PRESENT
The urgency of the problem is determined by the war waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. There at more than a thousand educational institutions were destroyed or damaged, and 60% of Ukrainian children were forced to become refugees: acquire internally displaced persons in Ukraine or migrate to different countries. During the Russian military aggression in Ukraine in 2022, more than 563 children were injured, 202 children died, and more than 361children were wounded (as of April 17, 2022). Nowadays, when in some regions of Ukraine there is a real threat to life and health of citizens, and in most regions the air alarm is repeatedly announced during the day, the organization of the educational process even by distance learning or using its elements is becoming an increasing problem. The aim of the article is to highlight the historical experience of protecting education from hostilities, forming a legal framework for the protection of civilians and children as a particularly vulnerable category in armed conflict, the formation of a modern system of international humanitarian law to protect the right of children and youth to education. The author used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and methods of historical research: periodization, historical-comparative, historical-genetic, historical-systemic. The article presents facts from world history that testify to the protection of educational institutions, civilians and children during military conflicts. It is emphasized that in the XX-XXI centuries schools and universities were widely used by the combatants for military purposes: to house personnel or as bases and ammunition depots, detention centers and other military purposes, which affects participants in the educational process and educational staff institutions at risk. The author notes that the right of children and young people in education is violated in most countries affected by conflict or instability. The consequences of attacks on educational institutions are injuries and deaths, destruction of educational infrastructure, reduced quality of education and training, lack of social protection of participants in the educational process, which makes it impossible for countries to realize the right of children and youth to education. The article focuses on modern Ukrainian realities determined by Russian military aggression.
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