富含纤维素的饲料是反刍动物和非反刍动物的营养

A.J.H. Van Es
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引用次数: 2

摘要

因为人类是单胃制的,世界上生产的许多植物不能被人类直接用作食物。这不仅适用于牧场和森林产品,也适用于相当一部分耕地产品(麸皮、甜菜和柑橘果肉、油籽残留物等)。下面将说明,在目前的农业方法下,把植物和动物结合起来才能最大限度地为人类生产粮食。这主要是由于反刍动物(通过与微生物的共生关系)可以利用富含cullulose的饲料。即使是反刍动物也常常难以利用这类饲料,因为它们的体积和消化缓慢降低了自愿摄入量,而且每千克摄入的饲料的营养价值往往很低。提出了一些生理数据来确定这种消化的速度。任何加速和改善消化的治疗都会提高这些动物的生产力。有几种已知的方法可用于此目的。为了测试它们的有效性,必须进行动物试验,但分析实验室测量也很有用。据报道,最近在莱利斯塔德举行的欧共体讲习班讨论了这些技术。对饲喂高含量纤维素的猪进行了研究,并就这些动物如何从这些饲料的处理中受益提出了建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Feeds rich in cellulose in ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition

Because man is monogastric, much of the world's plant production cannot be used by him directly as food. This applies not only to pasture and forest produce but also to a considerable part of the produce of arable land (bran, beet- and citrus pulp, oilseed residues, etc.). With the present methods of agriculture, maximal production of food for mankind can best be obtained by a combination of plant and animal husbandry, as will be shown. This is mainly due to the fact that ruminants (through their symbiosis with microbes) can utilize feeds rich in cullulose.

Even ruminants often have difficulty in utilizing such feeds, as their volume and slow digestion lower voluntary intake and as the nutritive value of the ingested feed per kg is often low. Some physiological data are presented which determine the rate of this digestion. Any treatment which would speed up and improve digestion would result in a higher productivity of these animals. Several methods are known for this purpose. To test their effectiveness, trials with animals have to be performed but analytical laboratory measurements are also useful. Such teniques were discussed at a recent EEC workshop at Lelystad, which is reported.

Research with pigs fed with higher contents of cellulose id presented and suggestions are made as to how these animals might benefit from treatments of these feeds.

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