小麦穗色的遗传研究

H. Fu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:明确小麦杂交种穗色遗传特性。方法:采用“单杂交”方法,将黑穗UA0300282与白穗UA0300311进行互易杂交。采用分离分析方法对4个世代进行分析,分别为秋播和春播时的P1、P2、F1和F2。结果:对于UA0300311 × UA0300282秋播组合,最适合的遗传模式为MX2-EA-AD,即存在两个具有同等加性效应的主基因和具有加性-显性效应的多基因系统。在春播植株中,穗色采用MX2-CD-AD模型描述,表明存在两种具有完全显性效应的主基因和具有加性显性效应的多基因。在互易组合UA0300282 × UA0300311中,最优模型为MX2-ADI-AD,说明存在两个具有加性-显性-上位效应的主基因和具有加性-显性效应的多基因。MX2-ADI-ADI模型很好地描述了春播植株穗色的分布——两个具有加性-显性-上位效应的主基因加上一个具有加性-显性-上位效应的多基因系统。由于天气条件和播期的不同,这些基因在性状控制中的表现也不同。在秋播直接组合组(UA0300311 × UA0300282)中,主基因决定遗传率为97%,多基因决定遗传率为2.7%;春播时,这两个数值分别为67%和32%。在秋播互易组合(UA0300282 × UA0300311)中,主基因遗传力效应为99%,多基因系统占1%;在春播植株中,分别为72%和28%。结论:以小麦穗色表达能力为基础,UA0300311 × UA0300282品种的亲本形式在两个主基因和多基因上存在差异。穗色遗传力各组成部分的比例与生长条件有关:秋播时,97 ~ 99%的遗传力由主基因决定,多基因占表型变异的1 ~ 3%;春播时,由于多基因复合体的存在,遗传率提高到28 - 33%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Inheritance of spike color in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.)
Aim: specify the spike color inheritance in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) hybrids. Methods: reciprocal hybrids between the black-spikeed UA0300282 and white-spikeed UA0300311 cultivated einkorn accessions were created with the use of the “single cross” method. Four generations were analyzed using the segregation analysis method: P1, P2, F1, and F2 at autumn and spring sowing. Results: it was found that for the combination UA0300311 × UA0300282 at autumn sowing, the most suitable inheritance model is MX2-EA-AD, which implies the presence of two main genes with an equal additive effect plus polygene systems with an additive-dominant effect. In the plants of spring sowing, spike color is described by the MX2-CD-AD model, which suggests the presence of two major genes with full dominant effect plus polygenes with additive-dominant effect. In the reciprocal combination UA0300282 × UA0300311, the optimal model that describes best the spike color dispersion in plants of autumn sowing is MX2-ADI-AD, which suggests the presence of two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus polygenes with the additive-dominant effect. Distribution of the spring-sowing plants in terms of the spike color is well described by the MX2-ADI-ADI model – two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus a system of polygenes also with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect. The genes manifest themselves differently in the trait control depending on the weather conditions determined by the sowing time. In the group of direct combination plants (UA0300311 × UA0300282) of autumn sowing, heritability determined by the main gene is 97%, while that determined by polygenes is 2.7%; at spring sowing, these values are 67% and 32% respectively. In the reciprocal combination (UA0300282 × UA0300311) of autumn sowing, the main genes heritability effect is 99%, and the polygenic system accounts for 1%; in plants of spring sowing, respectively, 72%, and 28%. Conclusions: on the basis of the spike color expressiveness in the crossing combination of the einkorn kinds of wheat UA0300311 × UA0300282, the parental forms differ in two main genes and polygenes. The ratio of spike color heritability components depends on the growing conditions: at autumn sowing, 97–99 % of heritability is determined by the main genes, the polygenes account for 1–3 % of phenotypic variability; at spring sowing, the heritability component increases to 28–33 % due to the polygenic complex.
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