Fine structure of neurosecretory cells and sinus gland in the eyestalk of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae)

This study elucidated the fine structure of neurosecretory cells and sinus gland in the optic ganglia of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae). The eyestalk ganglion showed the presence of four well defined ganglia arranged below the ommatidium: lamina ganglionaris, medulla externa, medulla interna and medulla terminalis of which the lamina ganglionaris, was devoid of neurosecretory cells. Groups of neurosecretory cells seen distributed along the medulla externa, interna and terminalis regions constitute the X-organs. Electron microscopic observations of the eyestalk ganglia revealed ten types of neurosecretory cells, mostly apolar with a few unipolar and bipolar cells classified according to the size, shape and density of the cell and nucleus, cell organelles/inclusions, together with the arrangement and properties of chromatin. These cells were characterized by the presence of large nuclei with unusually condensed chromatin, inclusions like vacuoles and vesicles of varying size, shape and density and organelles like Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and mitochondria and neurosecretory material. The sinus gland of T. schirnerae was positioned laterally between the externa and interna regions, composed of axonal endings of the neurosecretory cells of the optic ganglia with interspersed glial cells. The axon terminals were enclosed with several small to large membrane bound homogenously dense neurosecretory granules which also occur in the preterminal areas of the axons. Based on size, shape and density of granules and axoplasmic matrix, seven terminal types could be distinguished in the sinus gland of T. schirnerae. Mostly, the granules contained in a terminal were of the same type; rarely, the same terminal enclosed granules of varying size, shape and density. The neurosecretory cell types and axon terminal types represent the types of neurohormones they contained. A precise knowledge of the morphology and cytology of neurosecretory cells in the XO-SG complex of the eyestalk that secrete neurohormones controlling major physiological processes such as growth and reproduction is imperative for successful captive breeding of a species of aquaculture potential.