科学技术史的一些方法论问题

IF 0.2 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
L. Griffen, Nadiia Ryzheva, Dmytro Nefodov, Lyudmila Hryashchevskaya
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引用次数: 1

摘要

科学技术史的进一步发展需要解决一些方法论问题。本文考察了科技史的主体和客体,以及科技史在科学体系中的地位。今天,越来越多的人开始转向决定社会与环境相互作用的因素(社会的生产力),从历史的角度来研究它,并称之为一门特殊的科学学科——科学技术史。作为知识对象的社会是由“细胞”——个体构成的最高层次的生物有机体。它由于自身的熵而在环境中存在和发展。社会通过一个以技术设备为基础形成的专门子系统——“技术圈”来组织这种移除。这样一个过程的成功(通过信息场)是由另一个子系统——“人类圈”保证的。这些子系统包括理想对象和物质对象。本文讨论了技术圈和人类圈的组成和发展。研究表明,技术圈的功能是基于它与人类圈的互动,人类圈提供有关环境的信息并控制与环境互动的有效性。它是通过符号系统结合个体的心理结构而形成的。确保社会运转的生产过程始于人类领域,人类领域通过个人意识控制每个人的行为,每个人通过生产手段(技术领域)与自然环境相互作用。然而,生产力的逐渐发展在某种程度上导致了这样一个事实,即个人为社会的利益采取一切必要行动所需要的信息,不再适合他的个人意识。因此,出现了一种新的社会现象——社会分工。一方面,在不同的表演者之间存在技术操作的分工(技术分工),另一方面-个人的选择,他们协调表演者的努力,并不是直接从公众意识中获得工作动力,而是通过这些人(社会分工)。因此,个人与其群体之间存在着特殊的关系(生产关系),从而开始了人类存在的阶级时期。它将继续下去,直到生产力的发展导致所有技术功能完全转移到技术系统,由于人类领域和技术领域的直接相互作用,这将结束社会分工。然而,生产力的发展也伴随着人类所处的环境——地球地球的地球生物圈——熵的加速,使其逐渐变得越来越不适合生命生存。这个问题的根本解决办法是人类进入无限空间的前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Some methodological issues of the history of science and technology
Further development of the history of science and technology requires the solution of a number of methodological problems. The article considers the object and subject of the history of science and technology, its place in the system of sciences. Today, more and more people are turning to the factors that determine the interaction of the society with the environment (productive forces of the society), to study which in the historical aspect and called a special scientific discipline - the history of science and technology. The society as an object of knowledge is a biological organism of the highest level of organization of “cells” - individuals. It exists and develops in the environment due to its own entropy. The society organizes this removal through a specialized subsystem formed on the basis of technical devices – “technosphere”. The success of such a process is ensured (through the information field) by another subsystem - the “noosphere”. These subsystems include both ideal and material objects. The composition and development of the technosphere and noosphere are considered in the article. It is shown that the functioning of the technosphere is based on its interaction with the noosphere, which provides information about the environment and controls the effectiveness of interaction with it. It is formed by combining the mental structures of individuals through sign systems. The production process that ensures the functioning of the society begins with the noosphere, which through individual consciousness controls the actions of each individual, who through the means of production (technosphere) interacts with the natural environment. However, the gradual development of productive forces leads at some point to the fact that the information needed by the individual to perform all necessary actions for the benefit of the society, ceases to fit in his individual consciousness. As a result, there is a new social phenomenon - the social division of labor. On the one hand, there is a division of technological operations between different performers (technological division of labor), and on the other - the selection of individuals who coordinate the efforts of performers and receive impetus to work not directly from public consciousness, but through these persons (social division of labor). As a result, there are special relationships between individuals and their groups (production relations), and thus begins the class period of human existence. And it will continue until the development of productive forces leads to the full transfer of all technological functions to technical systems, which due to the direct interaction of the noosphere and technosphere will put an end to the social division of labor. However, the development of productive forces is also accompanied by the acceleration of entropy in the environment of mankind - the geobiosphere of the planet Earth, which is gradually making it less and less suitable for life. The cardinal solution to the problem is the prospect of humanity entering infinite space.
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来源期刊
History of Science and Technology
History of Science and Technology Arts and Humanities-Museology
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
33.30%
发文量
11
审稿时长
8 weeks
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