通过设计赋予权力?蒙特利尔妇女住房合作社

IF 1.8 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Ipek Türeli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文以1978年至1988年期间蒙特利尔为支持妇女而建立的三个合作公寓的建筑为重点,探讨了在具有性别意识的合作住房背景下,赋权与设计之间的关系。20世纪60年代的去工业化伴随着市中心的重建,这实际上意味着许多低收入、工薪阶层的社区被大规模清理,以用于新项目。住房合作社成为保护住房获取的可行模式。在这种背景下,在政府和非营利机构担任各种职务的妇女相互帮助,并帮助其他住房状况不稳定的妇女建立妇女住房合作社。女性主义者支持永久性和负担得起的女性住房,认为住房是女性解放的核心,也就是说,是设计“无性别歧视”城市的核心。本文将合作公寓的建筑环境作为研究居民是否以及如何改变周围环境的证据,并通过对前任和现任居民的定性访谈来补充这一点,以了解物理环境如何反过来塑造他们的生活。虽然合作社运动将自己描述为一种开放成员的团结网络,但在资源已经稀缺的社会环境中,建筑的质量或其缺陷可能导致成员居民之间的紧张关系。然而,历史上的住房合作社,以及正在进行的建立新的妇女合作社的举措,表明了通过合作模式追求交叉住房正义的需要和愿望,文章的研究结果表明,需要增加对建筑设计的关注和投资。在20世纪70年代和80年代,研究建筑环境的女权主义学者认为,负担得起的支持性住房是女性解放的核心,也就是说,是设计“无性别歧视”城市的核心。迄今为止,文献中缺少对具有性别意识的经济适用房项目的系统研究。在美国,妇女住房的早期实验是通过社区发展公司实现的,而在加拿大,妇女转向了共享所有权、成员居住合作模式。早些时候,蒙特利尔大规模的住房合作公寓案例是居民动员反对开发商和政府主导的中产阶级化的结果;然而,女性合作社的成员通常是通过女性网络招募的,建筑工地是在合作社成立后选择的。后者的合作公寓预算较低,避开了参与式设计过程、建筑质量和可能促进互助网络的公共空间。虽然合作社运动将自己描述为一种开放成员的团结网络,但在资源已经稀缺的社会环境中,建筑的质量或其缺陷可能导致成员居民之间的紧张关系。案例研究表明,合作社也可能演变成“交叉压迫”的组织。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Empowerment through design? Housing cooperatives for women in Montreal
Focusing on the architecture of three co-ops in Montreal established to support women in the 1978–88 period, this article examines the relationship between empowerment and design in the context of gender-conscious cooperative housing. Deindustrialisation from the 1960s was coupled with downtown renewal, which effectively meant many lowincome, working-class neighbourhoods were wholesale cleared for new projects. The housing cooperative emerged as a viable model to protect access to housing. Against this backdrop, women in various government and non-profit positions helped each other and other women in precarious housing situations to establish housing co-ops for women. Feminist proponents of permanent and affordable women’s housing argued that housing was central to women’s emancipation, that is, to the designing of ‘non-sexist’ cities. The article treats the built environment of the co-ops as evidence to study if and how residents transformed their surroundings, and complements this with qualitative interviews with former and current residents to understand how the physical environment has, in turn, shaped their lives. While the co-op movement characterises itself as a type of solidarity network with open membership, the quality of architecture, or the deficiency thereof, in a social environment with already scarce resources can lead to tensions among memberresidents. However, the historical housing co-ops, as well as ongoing initiatives to establish new women’s co-ops, demonstrate the need and desire to pursue intersectional housing justice via the cooperative model, and the article’s findings point to the need for increased attention to and investment in architectural design.Key messagesIn the 1970s and 1980s, feminist scholars of the built environment argued that affordable and supportive housing was central to women’s emancipation, that is, to the designing of ‘nonsexist’ cities. To date, a systematic study of gender-conscious affordable housing projects is missing from the literature.While in the US, it was the community development corporations through which early experiments in housing for women were realised, in Canada, it was the shared-ownership, member-resident cooperative model to which women turned to.Earlier, large-scale cases of housing co-ops in Montreal were outcomes of resident mobilisation against developers and state-led gentrification; however, the members of women’s co-ops were typically recruited via women’s networks, and building sites were selected following co-op formation. The latter co-ops were built with low budgets, eschewing a participatory design process, construction quality and communal spaces that could have fostered mutual aid networks.While the co-op movement characterises itself as a type of solidarity network with open membership, the quality of architecture, or the deficiency thereof, in a social environment with already scarce resources can lead to tensions among member-residents. Case studies show that the co-ops can also evolve into organisations with ‘intersecting oppressions’.
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来源期刊
Global Discourse
Global Discourse Social Sciences-Political Science and International Relations
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
6.70%
发文量
64
期刊介绍: Global Discourse is an interdisciplinary, problem-oriented journal of applied contemporary thought operating at the intersection of politics, international relations, sociology and social policy. The journal’s scope is broad, encouraging interrogation of current affairs with regard to core questions of distributive justice, wellbeing, cultural diversity, autonomy, sovereignty, security and recognition. All issues are themed and aimed at addressing pressing issues as they emerge.
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