A CMOS Cellular Interface Array for Digital Physiology Featuring High-Density Multi-Modal Pixels and Reconfigurable Sampling Rate

With the recent pandemic, the necessity of digital physiology/pathology, a set of high-resolution cellular/tissue-level images uploaded to the cloud for remote analytics and diagnostics, has skyrocketed as in-person lab services are limited by processing throughputs and increased exposure risks to patients/medical professionals [1]–[2]. Presently, cellular physiology diagnoses rely on high-resolution medical imaging and when translated to a cellular/tissue-level, these images, albeit with different biomarkers, may not holistically characterize a pathogen's effect due to the cell's complex multi-physiological responses [3]. In particular, new pathogen/virus variants often exhibit unknown pathological effects on cellular physiological functions. Hence, desired digital physiology cellular platforms should support sensing a wide variety of cells under different conditions, including those with rapid physiological features, e.g., neuron/cardiac cells.