注意力需求之间的转换——一份比较年轻人和老年人研究结果的简短报告

Q4 Psychology
M. Liebherr, S. Antons, M. Brand
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引用次数: 0

摘要

与快速适应环境变化的相关性日益增强形成对比的是,在整个生命周期中,任务切换能力呈倒u型曲线。以往的研究大多集中在规则、模式和属性之间的转换,而不同注意需求之间的转换过程在某种程度上被忽视了。因此,本研究旨在通过应用最近引入的关于年轻人和老年人注意需求转换的范式来填补这一空白。在本研究中,116名年轻人(年龄:最小最大值:18-30岁,M=22.31岁,SD=3.17;85名女性)和93名老年人(年龄:最小年龄:60-89岁,M=68.29岁,SD=6.18;15名女性)完成了注意力需求转换任务(SwAD-task)。该任务能够量化选择性和分散注意力的单任务表现,但更重要的是在这些需求之间切换的能力。研究结果表明,两组的选择性注意反应时间都比分散注意快。此外,与年轻人相比,老年人在选择性注意、分散注意和转换注意方面的反应时间更长。通过考虑额叶老化假说、加工速度理论以及认知老化的共同因素理论来讨论与年龄相关的变化。此外,以前的神经生理学发现被考虑来解释手头的发现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Switching Between Attentional Demands – A Brief Report Comparing Findings from Younger and Older Adults
The increasing relevance to adapt quickly to changes in the environment is contrasted by an inverted U-shaped curve of task-switching abilities over the lifespan. While previous studies most commonly focused on switching between rules, modalities, and attributes, the process of switching between different attentional demands is somehow neglected. Therefore, the present study aims to fill this gap by applying a recently introduced paradigm on switching between attentional demands to younger and older adults. Within the present study, 116 younger adults (age: minmax: 18-30, M=22.31 years, SD=3.17; 85 women) and 93 older adults (age: minmax: 60-89, M=68.29 years, SD=6.18; 15 women) completed the Switching Attentional Demands-task (SwAD-task). The task enables to quantify single-task performance of selective and divided attention, but more important the ability of switching between these demands. Findings indicate faster response times in selective attention than divided attention for both groups. Furthermore, older adults showed longer response times in selective attention, divided attention, as well as switching attention, compared to their younger counterparts. Age-related changes are discussed by considering the frontal ageing hypothesis, processing-speed theory, as well as common factor theories of cognitive ageing. Furthermore, previous neurophysiological findings are taken into account to explain findings at hand.
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来源期刊
Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal
Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal Psychology-Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
期刊介绍: Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal publishes contributions from all areas of cognitive science, focusing on disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to information processing and behavior analysis. We encourage contributions from the following domains: psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, linguistics, ethology, anthropology and philosophy of mind. The journal covers empirical studies and theoretical reviews that expand our understanding of cognitive, neural, and behavioral mechanisms. Both fundamental and applied studies are welcomed. On occasions, special issues will be covering particular themes, under the editorship of invited experts.
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