含铅冷却剂循环中结渣机理及氢水混合高温处理预防研究

M. Koshelev, V. Ulyanov, S. Kharchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对铅和铅铋冷却剂的性质及其循环回路中发生的物理化学过程机制的计算和实验研究结果解释了氧化铅渣沉积形成的原因。首先,这是铅和铅铋冷却剂与气态氧的不受控制的相互作用,气态氧和氮气是空气的主要成分之一。矿渣沉积物的基础是氧化铅,但它们也含有大量未氧化的铅(在使用铅铋冷却剂的情况下含有铋),这些铅被氧化铅框架结合成一个单一的结构,以及少量的建筑材料成分(铁、铬、镍)。含铅冷却剂在循环回路中形成的结渣对其运行有负面影响:流动截面变窄;传热面被堵塞;管道管件的正常运行受到干扰。为了最大限度地减少积渣,有必要限制冷却剂与空气氧的接触,避免从循环回路中排出冷却剂,控制循环回路在研究和非工作期间是否处于减压状态,在加热和填充冷却剂回路时,创造并保持真空。防止渣堆积的最好方法是用“氢气-水蒸气-惰性气体”混合气体定期对电路进行氢清洗。当使用气体喷射装置将气体混合物直接引入冷却剂流中时,可实现最大的清洁效率。带有活动部件的机械装置、喷射器、喷嘴等可作为气体喷射装置。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
INVESTIGATION OF THE SLAGS ACCUMULATION MECHANISM IN LEAD-CONTAINING COOLANTS LOOPS AND ITS PREVENTION BY HIGH-TEMPERATURE TREATMENT WITH HYDROGEN AND WATER STEAM MIXTURES
The results of computational and experimental studies of the properties of lead and lead-bismuth coolants and the mechanism of physicochemical processes occurring in their circulation circuits explain the reasons for the formation of slag deposits based on lead oxide. First of all, this is the uncontrolled interaction of lead and lead-bismuth coolants with gaseous oxygen, which, along with nitrogen, is one of the main components of air. Slag deposits are based on lead oxides, but they also contain a significant amount of unoxidized lead (and bismuth in the case of using a lead-bismuth coolant) bound by a lead oxide framework into a single structure, as well as a small amount of components of construction materials (iron , chrome, nickel). The formation of slags in the circulation loop with a lead-containing coolant has a negative effect on its operation: the flow cross-sections are narrowed; heat transfer surfaces are blocked; the normal operation of pipeline fittings is disrupted. To minimize slag accumulation, it is necessary to limit the contact of the coolant with air oxygen, avoid draining the coolant from the circulation circuit, control whether the circulation circuit is in a depressurized state both during research and during non-working periods, when heating and filling the circuits with a coolant, create and maintain a vacuum. The best way to prevent slag accumulation is periodic hydrogen cleaning of the circuit with gas mixtures "hydrogen - water vapor - inert gas". The greatest cleaning efficiency is achieved when gas mixtures are introduced directly into the coolant flow using gas injection devices. Mechanical devices with moving parts, ejectors, nozzle nozzles can act as gas injection devices.
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