Cytokine diagnostics in the prognosis of critical conditions in newborns born to mothers infected with COVID-19

The article is devoted to the development of a cytokine diagnostic method for predicting the development of critical conditions in newborns born to mothers with COVID-19, which is of great importance for health authorities when organizing specialized neonatology and pediatric services. Objective: to develop a method of noninvasive cytokine diagnostics for predicting the development of critical conditions in newborns born from a mother with COVID-19. The proposed method allows early diagnosis and prevention of the development of critical conditions in newborns, which is of great practical importance. The control of urine cytokines in dynamics determines the prognosis of the development of critical conditions, both in the early and late period of adaptation of newborns. As a marker of the inflammatory process and a key cytokine of bone resorption, IL-17A plays a complex role in the adaptation process of newborns born from a mother with COVID-19. Newborns born from a mother with COVID-19 have an increase in IFNγ and IFNα in the blood on the first day of life against the background of an increase in IL-17A by 1.48 times, which shows the risk of developing both infection and osteogenesis disorders. Activation of interferon status by the 7th day of life in newborns was established against the background of an increase in the key cytokine of bone resorption (IL-17A). A decrease in the urine of molecular markers of vascular endothelial damage – MSR-1 by 4.25 times was found in newborn children born from a mother infected with COVID-19. A decrease in VEGF in the urine of newborns was found, both with COVID-19 infection in the mother and in its absence. Non-invasive urine cytokine diagnostics allows achieving economic efficiency by reducing hospital beds, as well as medical efficiency due to minimal traumatization of newborns.