使用SMT求解器进行符号优化

Yi Li, Aws Albarghouthi, Zachary Kincaid, A. Gurfinkel, M. Chechik
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引用次数: 131

摘要

可满足模理论(SMT)求解器效率的提高为它们在软件验证、程序合成、函数式编程、优化类型等方面创造了许多用途。在所有这些应用程序中,SMT求解器用于生成令人满意的分配(例如,一个bug的见证)或证明不令人满意/有效性(例如。(证明子类型关系成立)。我们经常感兴趣的不仅仅是找到一个任意的令人满意的任务,而是找到一个优化(最小化/最大化)某些标准的任务。例如,我们可能感兴趣的是检测最大化能源使用的程序执行(性能错误),或者合成不进行昂贵API调用的短程序。不幸的是,没有一个可用的SMT求解器提供这样的优化功能。本文提出了线性实数算法(LRA)中基于smt的目标函数优化算法SYMBA。给定公式φ和目标函数t, SYMBA找到一个令人满意的φ赋值,使t的值最大化。SYMBA利用高效的SMT求解器作为黑盒。因此,它很容易实现,并直接受益于SMT求解器的未来发展。此外,SYMBA可以优化一组目标函数,并在目标函数之间重用信息以加快分析速度。我们已经实现了SYMBA,并在从程序分析任务中提取的大量优化基准上对其进行了评估。我们的研究结果表明了SYMBA与其他方法相比的能力和效率,并突出了其多目标函数特性的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Symbolic optimization with SMT solvers
The rise in efficiency of Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers has created numerous uses for them in software verification, program synthesis, functional programming, refinement types, etc. In all of these applications, SMT solvers are used for generating satisfying assignments (e.g., a witness for a bug) or proving unsatisfiability/validity(e.g., proving that a subtyping relation holds). We are often interested in finding not just an arbitrary satisfying assignment, but one that optimizes (minimizes/maximizes) certain criteria. For example, we might be interested in detecting program executions that maximize energy usage (performance bugs), or synthesizing short programs that do not make expensive API calls. Unfortunately, none of the available SMT solvers offer such optimization capabilities. In this paper, we present SYMBA, an efficient SMT-based optimization algorithm for objective functions in the theory of linear real arithmetic (LRA). Given a formula φ and an objective function t, SYMBA finds a satisfying assignment of φthat maximizes the value of t. SYMBA utilizes efficient SMT solvers as black boxes. As a result, it is easy to implement and it directly benefits from future advances in SMT solvers. Moreover, SYMBA can optimize a set of objective functions, reusing information between them to speed up the analysis. We have implemented SYMBA and evaluated it on a large number of optimization benchmarks drawn from program analysis tasks. Our results indicate the power and efficiency of SYMBA in comparison with competing approaches, and highlight the importance of its multi-objective-function feature.
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