Interpenetration of covalent and noncovalent networks in the crystal structures of {[M(4,4′-bipyridine)2(NO3)2]⋅2p-nitroaniline}n where M=Co, 1, Ni, 2, Zn, 3

The synthesis and crystal structures of {[M(4,4′-bipyridine)₂(NO₃)₂]⋅2p-nitroaniline}_n, M=Co, 1, Ni, 2, Zn, 3, are described. 1, 2 and 3 crystallize in the form of compounds that can be described as interpenetrating covalent and noncovalent networks. Analysis of the crystal packing in these compounds reveals that the p-nitroaniline molecules form a noncovalent network that is complementary from a topological perspective with [M(4,4′-bipyridine)₂(NO₃)₂] networks, which exist as square grids. These structures are interpreted in the broader perspective of crystal engineering strategies and development of new hybrid materials.