《创造而不是商业化:论俄罗斯科技企业家的日常实践》书评:比奇科娃O.,格拉达列夫B.,哈尔克霍尔丁O.,齐思曼。(2019)《俄罗斯高科技科幻世界》,圣彼得堡:俄文usp出版社

IF 0.4 Q4 SOCIOLOGY
D. Lebedeva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

俄罗斯高科技创新商业化程度低的原因是什么?考虑到俄罗斯工程师在主动性、创造力和技术能力方面的高分,为什么在国内和国际市场上没有成功地推出制造出来的——通常是令人惊叹的——发明?俄罗斯在高科技领域有自己的发展道路吗?来自圣彼得堡欧洲大学(EUSP)的社会学家研究小组——奥尔加·比奇科娃、鲍里斯·格拉达列夫、奥列格·哈尔科丁和吉娜·特曼——在他们的著作《俄罗斯高科技的科幻世界》中给出了这些问题的答案。基于对来自俄罗斯、芬兰、台湾和韩国的企业家的大量深入访谈,作者的重点不是机构,而是技术企业家本身,他们在日常实践、社会互动方式、世界观、与开发人员的互动、技术原型和他们自己方面更新高科技市场。采用实践理论和科学技术研究(STS)的概念,作者试图重新审视俄罗斯技术企业家的生活世界,并将他们的个人叙述与嵌入开发人员日常生活的社会文化背景结合起来。研究人员展示了工程师的生活方式,其中价值类别使他们的工作和日常实践有意义,以及它如何在宏观层面上决定俄罗斯经济和整个社会的技术发展。这本书充满了详细和彻底的方法和实地考察的描述,丰富的和说明性的引文,从创新者的叙述,并为研究的理论框架的理由。本书面向广泛的读者群,对社会学家(包括那些对科学技术研究感兴趣的人)和那些试图“破解宇宙规律”的人的日常生活的公众都很有用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Create not to Commercialize: On the Everyday Practices of Russian Technopreneurs Book Review: Bychkova O., Gladarev B., Kharkhordin O., Tsinman Zh. (2019) Fantasticheskie miry rossiyskogo hay-teka [Sci-Fi Worlds of Russian Hi-Tech], St. Petersburg: EUSP Press (in Russian)
What is the reason for the low commercialization of high-tech innovations in Russia? Given the Russian engineers’ high scores on initiative, creativity, and technical competence, why is there no successful launch of manufactured—often amazing—inventions on domestic and international markets? Does Russia have a specific way of development in the sphere of high technologies? The research team of sociologists from the European University at St. Petersburg (EUSP)—Olga Bychkova, Boris Gladarev, Oleg Harkhordin, and Zhanna Tsinman—offer answers to these questions in their book, Sci-Fi Worlds of Russian Hi-Tech. Based on a large set of in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs from Russia, as well as Finland, Taiwan, and South Korea, the authors’ focus is not on institutions but on the technopreneurs themselves, who update the hightech markets on their daily practices, ways of social interaction, worldviews, interactions with developers, technical prototypes, and themselves. Employing the concepts from the theory of practice and science and technology studies (STS), the authors have attempted to re-examine the life worlds of Russian technopreneurs and to align their individual narratives with the sociocultural context in which the daily life of developers is embedded. The researchers show the way that engineers live, in which value categories make sense of their work and daily practices, and how it may determine the technological development of the Russian economy and the whole society at the macro level. The book is filled with detailed and thorough descriptions of methodology and fieldwork, rich and illustrative quotations from the narratives of innovators, and the justification for the theoretical framework of the study. It is addressed to a wide readership and will be useful for sociologists, including those interested in research on science and technology, and for the general public who strives to open up the daily life of those whose works try to “crack the laws of the universe.”
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
5.60%
发文量
6
期刊介绍: Journal of Economic Sociology is aimed at consolidating international standards of studies in economic sociology, presenting new research carried out by Russian and international scholars, introducing new books and research projects, and attracting young scholars into the field. Journal of Economic Sociology is a specialized academic journal representing the mainstreams of thinking and research in international and Russian economic sociology. Economic Sociology provides a framework for discussion of the following key issues: major theoretical paradigms in economic sociology, sociology of markets and organizations, social and economic strategies of households, informal economy. Journal of Economic Sociology also welcomes research papers written within neighboring disciplines — new institutional economics, anthropology, economic psychology and the related fields, which can be of interest to economic sociologists. Each journal issue presents papers and information organised along the following rubrics: ''Interviews'' contains texts of interviews collected with the leading international scholars in the field of economic sociology and related areas. ''New Texts'' present most recent original papers in economic sociology and related areas. ''New Translations'' offers translations of most important studies into Russian. ''Beyond Borders'' introduces the studies from the neighbor disciplines (institutional economics, economic anthropology, economic psychology, etc.). ''Professional Reviews'' provides overviews of the streams of research and literature in various fields of economic sociology. ''Book reviews'' attracts attention to most important books published in Russia and worldwide. ''Conferences'' shares information on the events already took place or planned for the future.
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