Effect of PUs Mobility in CRAHNs using an Activity and Mobility Based Routing Protocol

Cognitive Radio (CR) is capable to identify the unused spectrum in order to allow Cognitive users (CUs) to occupy it without interfering the primary users (PUs). Routing in Cognitive Radio Ad-Hoc Networks (CRAHNs) is a very challenging task due to diversity in the available channels. In this paper, Mobility and Activity Based Routing Protocol (MABRP), is proposed. In the proposed protocol, CUs discover next hops based on the collected spectrum and mobility information. In addition, using cooperative communication mechanisms to reveal new routing opportunities, enhance route qualities, and enable true coexistence of primary and secondary networks is investigated. The performance of MABRP and Cognitive Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (CAODV) are evaluated on the basis of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and hop count in two different scenarios: mobile PUs scenario, and static PUs scenario. The availability of a routing channel dynamically varies in time due to the changes of the PUs relative positions. The performance evaluation is carried out using NS2 simulator. The simulation results proved that MABRP achieves better performance in terms of average PDR, with a slight increase in overhead and end-to-end delay in low PUs activity compared to CAODV routing protocol.