Study of macronutrients in hemp seeds during short-term germination

At present, hemp seeds are becoming increasingly popular as a source of nutrients. This work addressed the dynamics of macronutrients in the process of short-term germination of hempseeds by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Lyudmila 2021 cultivated hemp seeds along with hemp sprouts were used as objects of research. The germination of hemp seeds was carried out under laboratory conditions using special trays at 18–20 °C with the water added at a ratio of 2:1 for 5 days with periodic moistening. The obtained experimental data on the protein complex suggested that, in the studied interval of the germination of hemp seeds, the key hydrolytic decomposition of proteins occurs along with changes in structural components, including through the synthesis of new proteins accompanying the sprouting. The variations in such parameters as fat content, acid number and peak intensity of functional groups in the lipid fingerprint region (1745, 1157 and 1140 cm-1) indicated the accumulation of fatty acids as a result of the hydrolysis of triglycerides. The analysis of the IR spectra of hemp sprouts and the intensity of the bands of the corresponding functional groups in the carbohydrate region (1200–680 cm-1) suggested the intensive hydrolytic decomposition of polysaccharides. The variation in the content of extractive matter in the aqueous solutions of hemp sprouts indicated the accumulation and utilisation of water-soluble substances at the early stages of germination. The data on the predominance of water- and salt-soluble protein fractions indicated an increase in the biological value of hemp seeds during short-term germination.