代孕与人口贩卖:部门间冲突

IF 0.3 Q3 LAW
V. Bogdan, M. Urda
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引用次数: 1

摘要

导言:本文探讨了代孕法律制度与贩卖人口这一刑事处罚行为之间的跨部门冲突问题。监管立法的规范性极简主义,对代孕作为一种法律制度的本质缺乏理解,对生育合同的法律本质理解不足,都是需要通过区分代孕技术的应用和所提到的犯罪来界定允许范围的因素。解决这一问题对于确保法律上的确定性特别重要,这种确定性将排除涉及代孕母亲的法律关系中的滥用做法和对这些关系中的参与者的非法起诉。目的:为代孕制度与禁止贩运人口的刑法之间的部门间关系建立一个概念性框架。方法:采用比较、描述、解释的经验方法;形式逻辑与辩证逻辑的理论方法;特殊的科学方法:法律教条法和法律规范解释法。结果:对相关机构间相互作用的研究表明,在应用所研究规范的实践中,矛盾的根本原因是在国际和国内层面都缺乏统一的系统方法来确定代孕技术的法律界限,以及通过人口贩运规范来保护这项技术所产生的关系。结论:我们制定了代孕制度和生育合同的理论定义,将其解释为部门间合同;确定代孕母亲同意记录与她所生孩子有关的潜在(遗传)父母的法律性质;描述了代孕母亲这一主题领域所包括的合同结构的具体性质,并指出了将受其管制的私法关系转移到刑法领域的缺陷;就《俄罗斯联邦刑法》第127.1条的适用问题提出建议。目前,在国际法上没有办法解决合法代孕与人口贩卖之间的冲突;所研究的现象具有跨国性质,因此需要发展这种手段。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SURROGACY & HUMAN TRAFFICKING: INTERBRANCH CONFLICT
Introduction: the article discusses the challenging problem of the interbranch conflict between the legal institution of surrogacy and a criminally punishable act – human trafficking. The normative minimalism of regulatory legislation, the lack of understanding of the essence of surrogacy as a legal institution, insufficient understanding of the legal essence of the contract for child bearing and birth, are the factors that necessitate defining the boundaries of what is permissible through drawing a distinction between the application of surrogacy technology and the crime mentioned. Resolution of this issue is of particular importance for ensuring legal certainty that would exclude both abusive practices in legal relations involving surrogate motherhood and unlawful prosecution against the participants in these relations. Purpose: to create a conceptual framework for the interbranch relationship between the institution of surrogacy and the criminal law prohibition of human trafficking. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; special scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the research into interbranch interaction of the institutions in question showed that the root cause of contradictions in the practice of applying the norms under study is the lack of a uniform systemic approach, both at the international and domestic level, to determining the legal boundaries of surrogacy technology and to the protection of relations generated by this technology by the norms on human trafficking. Conclusions: we have formulated doctrinal definitions of the institution of surrogate motherhood and the contract for child bearing and birth, which is interpreted as an interbranch contract; identified the legal nature of the surrogate mother’s consent to record the potential (genetic) parents in relation to the child born by her; described the specific nature of contractual structures included in the subject area of surrogate motherhood, with the identification of defects that transfer private-law relations regulated by them into the field of criminal law; formulated recommendations on the application of Article 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. At present, there are no means in international law to resolve the conflict between legal surrogacy and human trafficking; the transnational nature of the phenomena under study dictates the need for the development of such means.
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