{"title":"伊斯兰道德推理中的人的能动性","authors":"Muhammad Syifa Amin Widigdo","doi":"10.20871/KPJIPM.V4I1.57","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak : Konsep “human agency” pada umumnya dikaitkan kemampuan otonom manusia untuk menentukan pilihan dan tindakannya sendiri, kemampuan manusia untuk memberikan perlawanan terhadap kemapanan, atau ketertundukan diri manusia terhadap suatu otoritas atau aturan tertentu. Dalam konteks tradisi pemikiran hukum Islam, human agency ternyata tidak hanya terdapat dalam bentuk ketertundukan diri terhadap otoritas teks al-Qur’an dan hadis, tapi juga ada bentuk-bentuk yang lainnya. Tulisan saya ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam tradisi uṣūl fiqh terdapat kaidah-kaidah hukum yang memberikan ruang bagi berkembangnya teori human agency tidak hanya berorientasi pada keniscayaan manusia untuk tunduk terhadap otoritas teks keagamaan, tapi juga konsep human agency yang berbasis pada otonomi dan semangat anti kamapanan dalam diri manusia. Dengan mengupas konsep-konsep dalam usul fiqih seperti qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, dan istiṣḥāb, kita akan mengetahui bahwa tindakan etik seseorang dalam Islam tidak semata bersumber dari teks keagamaan tetapi juga berdasarkan pemikiran otonom manusia yang pada ujungnya melahirkan konsep-konsep human agency yang lebih kontekstual, bukan tekstual. Kata kunci : human agency, otonomi manusia, otoritas teks religius, uṣūl fiqh, nalar syari‘at Abstract : The notion of human agency is generally associated with human capability to be autonomous in making choices and action, the human ability to make acts of resistance toward certain hegemonic and established rules or authorities. In the context of the tradition of Islamic legal thought, human agency is not merely contained in the term of human submission to the transmitted authority of the Quran and hadith, but also in another forms. This paper tries to show that there are legal maxims in the tradition of uṣūl fiqh that enable for the development of the idea of human agency which does not merely have an orientation to the human necessity of submission to the religious scriptural authority, but also the concept of human agency which based on human nature to be autonomous and resistant. While elaborating some concepts in the uṣūl fiqh such as qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, and istiṣḥāb we would find out that one’s ethical act in Islam does not merely proceed from religious scripture but it is also based on the human’s autonomous thoughts which would culminate in the emerging of more contextual, not textual, concepts of human agency. Keywords : Human agency, human autonomous capability, religious scriptural authority, uṣūl fiqh, shariʿa reasoning","PeriodicalId":31008,"journal":{"name":"Kanz Philosophia A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism","volume":"68 1","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2014-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Human Agency in Islamic Moral Reasoning\",\"authors\":\"Muhammad Syifa Amin Widigdo\",\"doi\":\"10.20871/KPJIPM.V4I1.57\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstrak : Konsep “human agency” pada umumnya dikaitkan kemampuan otonom manusia untuk menentukan pilihan dan tindakannya sendiri, kemampuan manusia untuk memberikan perlawanan terhadap kemapanan, atau ketertundukan diri manusia terhadap suatu otoritas atau aturan tertentu. Dalam konteks tradisi pemikiran hukum Islam, human agency ternyata tidak hanya terdapat dalam bentuk ketertundukan diri terhadap otoritas teks al-Qur’an dan hadis, tapi juga ada bentuk-bentuk yang lainnya. Tulisan saya ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam tradisi uṣūl fiqh terdapat kaidah-kaidah hukum yang memberikan ruang bagi berkembangnya teori human agency tidak hanya berorientasi pada keniscayaan manusia untuk tunduk terhadap otoritas teks keagamaan, tapi juga konsep human agency yang berbasis pada otonomi dan semangat anti kamapanan dalam diri manusia. Dengan mengupas konsep-konsep dalam usul fiqih seperti qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, dan istiṣḥāb, kita akan mengetahui bahwa tindakan etik seseorang dalam Islam tidak semata bersumber dari teks keagamaan tetapi juga berdasarkan pemikiran otonom manusia yang pada ujungnya melahirkan konsep-konsep human agency yang lebih kontekstual, bukan tekstual. Kata kunci : human agency, otonomi manusia, otoritas teks religius, uṣūl fiqh, nalar syari‘at Abstract : The notion of human agency is generally associated with human capability to be autonomous in making choices and action, the human ability to make acts of resistance toward certain hegemonic and established rules or authorities. In the context of the tradition of Islamic legal thought, human agency is not merely contained in the term of human submission to the transmitted authority of the Quran and hadith, but also in another forms. This paper tries to show that there are legal maxims in the tradition of uṣūl fiqh that enable for the development of the idea of human agency which does not merely have an orientation to the human necessity of submission to the religious scriptural authority, but also the concept of human agency which based on human nature to be autonomous and resistant. While elaborating some concepts in the uṣūl fiqh such as qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, and istiṣḥāb we would find out that one’s ethical act in Islam does not merely proceed from religious scripture but it is also based on the human’s autonomous thoughts which would culminate in the emerging of more contextual, not textual, concepts of human agency. 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引用次数: 2
摘要
抽象:“人类机构”的概念通常与人类在自己的选择和行为上的自主能力、人类反抗体制或对权威或规则的服从能力有关。在伊斯兰法律思想的传统背景下,人类机构不仅对可兰经和圣训的权威存在,而且还存在其他形式。这个我的写作都在试图表明,传统uṣūl fiqh律规范理论的发展提供空间的人类机构不仅注重必然性人类对宗教文本的权威,但也顺服人类机构的概念是基于反人类内在kamapanan自主权和激情。fiqih像剥壳概念的起源qiy sāḥsān,妻子,妻子ṣlāḥ,妻子ṣḥāb,我们会发现伊斯兰道德行为的人也源于宗教文本而是基于人类末端生自主思想的情报机构文本更有背景的,不是人类的概念。关键词:人类的担保机构,人类自治,宗教权威文本,uṣūl fiqh,理性syari 'at抽象概念》:人类agency is generally美联社(associated with human -能力成为来自塞在choices)成为人类不在乎让使徒行传》开拍,抵抗toward确定hegemonic和建立规则或当局。在伊斯兰思想传统的背景下,人类机构并不仅仅被人类授予《古兰经与圣训》的传播权威,而是在另一种文化中。这篇文章tries to show that有合法的传统》maxims in uṣūl fiqh那主意》启用for the development of human担保机构在迎新哪种不只是有一个人类necessity of屈服》《宗教scriptural管理局,但也人力情报机构之理念,这是改编自to be、人性和resistant。当elaborating一些concepts in the uṣūl fiqh美国如此qiy sāḥsān,妻子,妻子ṣlāḥ,和妻子ṣḥāb我们会发现那一家人的伊斯兰方面的法案在根本不只是也得以从宗教圣经,但它是改编自《人类来自塞《新兴的思想,这就会culminate更多contextual textual音符,concepts of human担保机构。安装:人类的担保机构,人类来自塞-能力,宗教scriptural管理局,uṣū洛杉矶fiqh,莎莉ʿreasoning
Abstrak : Konsep “human agency” pada umumnya dikaitkan kemampuan otonom manusia untuk menentukan pilihan dan tindakannya sendiri, kemampuan manusia untuk memberikan perlawanan terhadap kemapanan, atau ketertundukan diri manusia terhadap suatu otoritas atau aturan tertentu. Dalam konteks tradisi pemikiran hukum Islam, human agency ternyata tidak hanya terdapat dalam bentuk ketertundukan diri terhadap otoritas teks al-Qur’an dan hadis, tapi juga ada bentuk-bentuk yang lainnya. Tulisan saya ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam tradisi uṣūl fiqh terdapat kaidah-kaidah hukum yang memberikan ruang bagi berkembangnya teori human agency tidak hanya berorientasi pada keniscayaan manusia untuk tunduk terhadap otoritas teks keagamaan, tapi juga konsep human agency yang berbasis pada otonomi dan semangat anti kamapanan dalam diri manusia. Dengan mengupas konsep-konsep dalam usul fiqih seperti qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, dan istiṣḥāb, kita akan mengetahui bahwa tindakan etik seseorang dalam Islam tidak semata bersumber dari teks keagamaan tetapi juga berdasarkan pemikiran otonom manusia yang pada ujungnya melahirkan konsep-konsep human agency yang lebih kontekstual, bukan tekstual. Kata kunci : human agency, otonomi manusia, otoritas teks religius, uṣūl fiqh, nalar syari‘at Abstract : The notion of human agency is generally associated with human capability to be autonomous in making choices and action, the human ability to make acts of resistance toward certain hegemonic and established rules or authorities. In the context of the tradition of Islamic legal thought, human agency is not merely contained in the term of human submission to the transmitted authority of the Quran and hadith, but also in another forms. This paper tries to show that there are legal maxims in the tradition of uṣūl fiqh that enable for the development of the idea of human agency which does not merely have an orientation to the human necessity of submission to the religious scriptural authority, but also the concept of human agency which based on human nature to be autonomous and resistant. While elaborating some concepts in the uṣūl fiqh such as qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, and istiṣḥāb we would find out that one’s ethical act in Islam does not merely proceed from religious scripture but it is also based on the human’s autonomous thoughts which would culminate in the emerging of more contextual, not textual, concepts of human agency. Keywords : Human agency, human autonomous capability, religious scriptural authority, uṣūl fiqh, shariʿa reasoning