量子计算和隐变量

V. Aristov, A. Nikulov
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引用次数: 9

摘要

许多物理学家把自己局限于对量子现象的工具主义描述,而忽略了量子力学的基础和解释问题。这种工具主义的方法导致了“专业化野蛮”和关于如何制造量子计算机的问题的大规模错觉。量子计算的思想可以在量子形式主义的范围内描述。但是,为了理解如何将这个想法付诸实践,我们应该认识到这个问题:“量子形式主义能描述什么?”尽管没有一个普遍认可的答案。只有认识到这个问题和量子基础的悬而未决的问题,才能看到量子系统中的叠加和EPR相关是可以预期的。由于“专业化野蛮”,许多作者确信贝尔证明了任何隐藏变量解释的完全不可能性。因此,需要强调的是,在现实中,Bell将无隐变量证明限制在有效性极限,并表明两态量子系统可以用隐变量来描述。后者意味着在两态量子系统上得到的实验结果都不能证明叠加态的存在和违背实在性。在没有明确的实验证据之前,我们不应该假设任何双态量子系统都是量子比特。目前还没有获得宏观不同量子态叠加和基于超导体结构的量子比特叠加的实验证据。而且,相同的实验结果不能在量子形式主义的极限下描述。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Quantum computation and hidden variables
Many physicists limit oneself to an instrumentalist description of quantum phenomena and ignore the problems of foundation and interpretation of quantum mechanics. This instrumentalist approach results to "specialization barbarism" and mass delusion concerning the problem, how a quantum computer can be made. The idea of quantum computation can be described within the limits of quantum formalism. But in order to understand how this idea can be put into practice one should realize the question: "What could the quantum formalism describe?", in spite of the absence of an universally recognized answer. Only a realization of this question and the undecided problem of quantum foundations allows to see in which quantum systems the superposition and EPR correlation could be expected. Because of the "specialization barbarism" many authors are sure that Bell proved full impossibility of any hidden-variables interpretation. Therefore it is important to emphasize that in reality Bell has restricted to validity limits of the no-hidden-variables proof and has shown that two-state quantum system can be described by hidden variables. The later means that no experimental result obtained on two-state quantum system can prove the existence of superposition and violation of the realism. One should not assume before unambiguous experimental evidence that any two-state quantum system is quantum bit. No experimental evidence of superposition of macroscopically distinct quantum states and of a quantum bit on base of superconductor structure was obtained for the present. Moreover same experimental results can not be described in the limits of the quantum formalism.
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