利用哈登矩阵组织意外住宅火灾幸存的因素:人为、代理和环境相关变量的频率

Lin Xiong, M. Ball, D. Bruck
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引用次数: 7

摘要

本研究通过对183名住宅意外火灾幸存者的访谈,采用Haddon矩阵的基本概念(人、物、环境),对未发生火灾死亡或严重伤害并延长住院时间的住宅意外火灾幸存者的相关因素进行组织。火灾期间的人类活动也被确定,包括人们如何第一次警报到火灾的存在,以及他们如何试图扑灭火灾。电气故障和无人看管的烹饪被发现是火灾幸存的主要原因。据报道,厨房和卧室是火灾的主要来源。这项研究揭示了四个重要的新发现。这些新发现是:1)人们对消防安全的知识和对不安全火灾行为的认识非常有限;2)绝大多数房东在调查时都有过火灾经历;3)在其他地方记录的与火灾死亡高度相关的危险因素被发现与火灾幸存不密切相关,如酒精、药物、吸烟和睡眠;4)大多数主人在面对火灾时会采取主动行动,例如呼叫消防队,试图扑灭火灾,并试图提醒他人。Haddon矩阵被发现是一个有用的工具,用于组织广泛的相关意外住宅火灾变量,当前的论文提供了关于这些变量的频率的重要新信息,这些变量没有发生火灾死亡或严重伤害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Utilization of the Haddon Matrix to Organize Factors of Survived Accidental Residential Fires: Frequencies for Human, Agent, and Environment-related Variables
Drawing upon interviews of 183 people who have survived accidental residential fires, this study adopted the basic concepts (human, agent, environment) of the Haddon Matrix to organize factors associated with survived accidental residential fires where there was no fire death or serious injury with extended hospitalization involved. Human activities during a fire were also identified, including how people first alerted to the presence of a fire and how they attempted to extinguish a fire. Electrical failure and unattended cooking were found to be the leading causes of survived fires. Kitchens and bedrooms were reported as the main rooms of fire origin. The study revealed four important new findings. These new findings are: 1) people’s knowledge of fire safety and awareness of unsafe fire behaviours was extremely limited; 2) an overwhelming majority of hosts had previous fire experiences at the time of the survey; 3) risk factors that are documented elsewhere to be highly related to fire fatalities were found not to be closely related to survived fires, such as alcohol, drugs, smoking, and being asleep; and 4) the majority of hosts took proactive actions when facing a fire, such as calling fire brigade, attempting to extinguish a fire, and trying to alert others. The Haddon Matrix was found to be a useful tool for organizing a wide range of relevant accidental residential fire variables, with the current paper presenting important new information about the frequencies of such variables where no fire death or serious injury has occurred.
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