Cultural codes in the art: basic approaches to classification

The article emphasizes the relevance of considering cultural codes in a number of modern humanitarian disciplines, characterizes the main approaches to the definition of the term “cultural code”. First, at the language level. Secondly, an approach that is based on the semiotic concept of culture, when the concept of a cultural code borders on the concepts of an archetype, symbol, sign. Thirdly, the concept of “cultural code” is considered together with such concepts as “national worldview”, “peculiarities of the national worldview” and “national-analytical idea”.The study considers the classifications of cultural codes by V. Krasnykh, G. Bagautdinova, M. Kovshova, T. Leontieva, N. Stepanova, S. Sanko, V. Maslova, M. Pimenova and others. In the studies, there are from four to several dozen types of cultural codes: anthropomorphic, astranomic, biomorphic, spiritual, zoomorphic, calendar-chronological, quantitative, landscape, food, object, spatial, vegetative, somatic, temporal, physical-geographical, phytomorphic, floristic and etc. In general, cultural codes as carriers of culturally marked information make it possible to identify the features of the system of views and values of a certain group of society. The use of cultural codes by writers is aimed at conveying their thoughts to the recipient most clearly and, conversely, ignorance of cultural codes hinders the interpretation of a work of art.