埃塞俄比亚西南部Chewaka地区不同豇豆(Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp)单作和间作玉米的农艺性能

Sisay Legese, Taye Tolemariam, K. Desalegn
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摘要

豇豆(Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)是一种多种用途的豆科作物。世界各地在不同的农业生态环境下种植的豇豆品种繁多。实验在埃塞俄比亚西南部的切瓦卡区布诺比德勒区进行;鉴定以鳎和豇豆为主的玉米种植制度下的适应性高产品种。试验设鞋底Sewunet、鞋底伯乐、鞋底Bekur、鞋底9333、鞋底local、鞋底Sewunet+玉米、伯乐+玉米、Bekur+玉米、9333+玉米、local+玉米10个处理组合。治疗采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD), 3个重复。收集了建立期间的性能数据和生长参数。采用统计分析软件(SAS 9.3版)对数据进行分析。结果表明:出苗期、林分活力、单株叶数、单株枝数、株高、开花至50%天数、成熟天数在豇豆品种和种植制度间差异显著(P<0.05);单作豇豆的单作叶数最多的是苏奈(86.27)和伯乐(81.93),间作豇豆的单作叶数最多的是伯乐(52.60)。另一方面,单作的Sewunet枝条数最多,为8.27个;伯乐底和间作玉米的枝条最高,分别为8.13和5.2。伯乐品种单作和以豇豆为主的作物开花时间均较早(49.67 d)和55.33 d),而Sewunet品种单作和以豇豆为主的作物开花时间较晚(62.67d), 66.67d。伯乐品种底下结荚早(57.67),间作玉米结荚早(62.33),而缝内品种底下结荚晚(70.00),间作玉米结荚晚(73.33)。单作与玉米间作时,伯乐品种的各项指标均较优,可作为埃塞俄比亚目前土地稀缺条件下的综合作物。进一步研究豇豆饲料对动物生产性能的影响也很重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Agronomic Performance of Different Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp) Varieties Cultivated as Sole and Intercropped with Maize in Chewaka District, South West Ethiopia
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp) is a legume crop grown for multipurpose uses. There are various varieties of cowpea grown under different agro ecologies throughout the world. The experiment was conducted at Chewacka district Buno Bedele Zone, South western Ethiopia; to identify adaptive and high yielding varieties under sole and cowpea maize based cropping system. The experimental contained 10 treatment combinations of sole Sewunet, sole Bole, sole Bekur, sole 9333, sole local, Sewunet+maize, Bole+maize, Bekur+maize, 9333+maize, local+maize. The treatment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on performance during establishment and growth parameter were collected. The data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS version of 9.3). Results indicated that days to emergence, crop stand vigor, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity showed significant variation (P<0.05) among cowpea varieties and cropping system. The highest numbers of leaves were recorded in sewunet (86.27) and Bole (81.93) in sole cropped cowpea, whereas, for cowpea intercropped with maize, the highest number of leaves (52.60) was recorded in Bole. On the other hand, the highest branch number was recorded from Sewunet (8.27) in sole cropped whereas; Bole recorded the highest branches in both sole (8.13) and intercropped with maize (5.2). Bole variety flowered early in both mono-cropped (49.67 days) and cowpea maize based cropped (55.33 days) whereas, Sewunet variety flowered late (62.67days) for mono-cultured and cowpea maize based cropped (66.67days). Bole variety had early pod setting both under sole (57.67) and maize intercropping (62.33), whereas, sewunet variety was late pod setting under sole (70.00) and when intercropped with maize (73.33). Bole variety was found to be superior in most parameters recorded when cultivated sole and intercropped with maize, so that, it can be integrated crops under the current land scarcity in Ethiopia. Further study is also important to see the effects of feeding cowpea forages on animal performances.
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