Detecting Hemopneumothorax With Lung Sonography: A Case Report

Hemopneumothorax is a rare but serious complication that can occur in patients with central venous catheters, trauma, or underlying lung disease. It involves the accumulation of blood and air in the pleural cavity, which can cause hypovolemic shock if left untreated. Lung sonography is a noninvasive, nonionizing radiation imaging technique, and easily accessible diagnostic tool that can be performed at the bedside in critically ill patients, for the diagnosis of hemopneumothorax. A case is reported of a 60-year-old female with a medical history of leukemia who developed hypovolemic shock due to right hemothorax caused by a perforation of the superior vena cava by a central venous catheter. The patient underwent emergency surgery and her condition improved, but later presented with symptoms of hemopneumothorax, which was diagnosed using lung sonography. Emergency placement of a pleural drainage tube was performed, but unfortunately, the patient’s condition deteriorated, and she received end-of-life care. Prompt diagnosis and management of hemopneumothorax are essential to prevent life-threatening complications, and lung sonography is a valuable diagnostic tool, in the diagnosis of critically ill patients.