巨量和微量肥料混合玉米沼气生产的能源效率

M. Grabovskyi, K. Pavlichenko, L. Kozak, L. Kachan
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The research was conducted in 2019–2021 in the “Poultry Farm Korobivsky\" Andrushivka district of Zhytomyr region. In a three-factor experiment, it was studied maize hybrids: Amaroc, Bogatyr, KWS 381, Karifols; macrofertilizers, kg/ha: without fertilizers, N90Р60К60, N120Р90К90; microfertilizers: without application, YaraVita Teprosyn NP + Zn seed treatment (5 l/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Maize Boost (4 l/ha), seed treatment (0.15 kg/t) with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves with Yara Vita Kombiphos (3 l/ha). Results. It was found that the biogas output for the mid-early maize hybrids Amaroc and Bogatyr was 9062.0–13716.3 m3/ha, and for the mid-ripening KWS 381 and Karifols was higher by 9.8–36.5 % (11635.3–15589.5 m3/ha). Biogas output was higher by 15.2–30.9 % and 1.8–3.6 % due to using macrofertilizers and microfertilizers compared to the variants without their application. There was no significant difference in biogas output between the second and third variants with microfertilizers. It was identified that energy efficiency ratio (Ke) increased for studied maize hybrids when N90Р60К60 and N120Р90К90 were applied. Conclusions. The highest biogas and energy output was 15589,5 m3/ha and 333,6 GJ/ha was obtained for the mid-ripening hybrid Karifols when pre-sowing seed treatment with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) were carried out on the background of N120Р90К90. In our opinion, for biogas production, the cultivation of Amaros, Bogatyr, KVS 381 and Carifols hybrids is more efficient when used pre-sowing seed treatment with Yara Tera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) in the 3–5 leaves stage without macrofertilizer application that provides the highest energy factor in the range of 7.7–9.3. 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引用次数: 1

摘要

时事性。目前,农工综合体和可再生能源的主要目的是提高玉米的粮食和青贮产量。为了生产沼气,需要对玉米杂交种进行合理选择,并对其栽培技术进行能量评价。问题。优化技术方法和提高单位面积产量是提高作物生产能源效率的途径之一,包括以生物能源为目的。能量分析有助于比较种植作物的能量消耗和获得的产量中的能量含量。的目标。确定宏量和微量肥料对生产沼气的玉米杂交种能源效率的影响。材料与方法。该研究于2019-2021年在日托米尔州安德鲁什夫卡县的“科罗比夫斯基家禽养殖场”进行。以玉米杂交种Amaroc、Bogatyr、KWS 381、Karifols;大量肥料,kg/ha:不施肥,N90Р60К60, N120Р90К90;微肥:不施用,YaraVita Teprosyn NP + Zn种子处理(5 l/t) + YaraVita maize Boost (4 l/ha) + YaraVita Tenso Cocktail种子处理(0.15 kg/t) + YaraVita Kombiphos种子处理(3 l/ha)。结果。结果表明,中早熟玉米杂交品种Amaroc和Bogatyr的沼气产量为9062.0 ~ 13716.3 m3/ha,中熟品种KWS 381和Karifols的沼气产量高出9.8% ~ 36.5% (11635.3 ~ 15589.5 m3/ha)。施用巨量肥和微量肥的品种沼气产量分别比未施用巨量肥和微量肥的品种高15.2 ~ 30.9%和1.8 ~ 3.6%。施用微肥的2、3个品种间沼气产量无显著差异。结果表明,施加N90Р60К60和N120Р90К90可提高玉米杂种的能效比(Ke)。结论。在N120Р90К90背景下,播前用YaraTera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t)处理种子,3 - 5叶期用YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha)喷施玉米,中熟杂交种Karifols的沼气和能量产量最高,分别为15589.5 m3/ha和333.6 GJ/ha。我们认为,在沼气生产方面,如果在3 - 5叶期使用Yara Tera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t)的播前种子处理和YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha),而不施用大量肥料,则可以提供7.7-9.3范围内最高的能量因子,则Amaros, Bogatyr, KVS 381和Carifols杂交品种的种植效率更高。关键词:沼气产量,播前种子处理,能量输出,能量消耗,能效比
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Energy efficiency of maize hybrids cultivation for biogas production with using macro- and microfertilizers
Topicality. Nowadays, the main purpose of agro-industrial complex and renewable energy is to increase the productivity of corn for grain and silage. For biogas production the proper selection of maize hybrids and energy assessment of their cultivation technology is needed. Issues. Optimization of technological methods and increasing the yield per area unit is one of the ways to improve the energy efficiency of crop production, including for the purposes of bioenergy. Energy analysis assists to compare energy consumption for growing crop and energy content in the obtained yield. Aim. To determine the influence of macro- and microfertilizers on the energy efficiency of growing maize hybrids for biogas production. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted in 2019–2021 in the “Poultry Farm Korobivsky" Andrushivka district of Zhytomyr region. In a three-factor experiment, it was studied maize hybrids: Amaroc, Bogatyr, KWS 381, Karifols; macrofertilizers, kg/ha: without fertilizers, N90Р60К60, N120Р90К90; microfertilizers: without application, YaraVita Teprosyn NP + Zn seed treatment (5 l/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Maize Boost (4 l/ha), seed treatment (0.15 kg/t) with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves with Yara Vita Kombiphos (3 l/ha). Results. It was found that the biogas output for the mid-early maize hybrids Amaroc and Bogatyr was 9062.0–13716.3 m3/ha, and for the mid-ripening KWS 381 and Karifols was higher by 9.8–36.5 % (11635.3–15589.5 m3/ha). Biogas output was higher by 15.2–30.9 % and 1.8–3.6 % due to using macrofertilizers and microfertilizers compared to the variants without their application. There was no significant difference in biogas output between the second and third variants with microfertilizers. It was identified that energy efficiency ratio (Ke) increased for studied maize hybrids when N90Р60К60 and N120Р90К90 were applied. Conclusions. The highest biogas and energy output was 15589,5 m3/ha and 333,6 GJ/ha was obtained for the mid-ripening hybrid Karifols when pre-sowing seed treatment with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) were carried out on the background of N120Р90К90. In our opinion, for biogas production, the cultivation of Amaros, Bogatyr, KVS 381 and Carifols hybrids is more efficient when used pre-sowing seed treatment with Yara Tera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) in the 3–5 leaves stage without macrofertilizer application that provides the highest energy factor in the range of 7.7–9.3. Key words: biogas output, pre-sowing seed treatment, energy output, energy consumption, energy efficiency ratio.
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