Pathophysiological aspects of “vicious circle” formation in case of liver cells damage and cirrhosis development

This review highlights fundamental knowledge about the processes within a damaged liver cell, mechanisms of fi bro- and angiogenesis, as well as hypoxia and hypoxemia. Th e causes and consequences of endothelial dysfunction, the role of cytokines in vascular remodeling and the formation of hemodynamic disorders are described. Th ese changes lead to disorder of local and systemic hemodynamics in case of liver cirrhosis. Such complications as: hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension are also described.