Charles W. Helm, M. Bateman, A. Carr, H. Cawthra, Jan C. de Vynck, M. Dixon, M. Lockley, W. Stear, J. Venter
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Pleistocene fossil snake traces on South Africa’s Cape south coast
Abstract Snakes form a large, familiar, and distinctive component of the world’s reptile fauna, with a rich body fossil record stretching back to the Jurassic. The sparse, minimal, and questionable evidence of snake traces in the ichnological record is therefore surprising. Extant snakes in southern Africa employ three types of locomotion—rectilinear, sidewinding, and undulatory, all of which result in distinctive, recognizable traces. A site exhibiting convincing evidence of rectilinear motion, probably made by a puff adder, has been identified in Pleistocene aeolianites on South Africa’s Cape south coast. A new ichnogenus and ichnospecies, Anguinichnus linearis, have been erected to describe this trace. A new suite of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from aeolianites from the De Kelders Cave locality, 1.4 km to the south, suggests that the site dates to ∼93–83 ka. Trace fossil evidence of sidewinding and undulatory motion is more equivocal and open to alternative interpretations.
期刊介绍:
The foremost aim of Ichnos is to promote excellence in ichnologic research. Primary emphases center upon the ethologic and ecologic significance of tracemaking organisms; organism-substrate interrelationships; and the role of biogenic processes in environmental reconstruction, sediment dynamics, sequence or event stratigraphy, biogeochemistry, and sedimentary diagenesis. Each contribution rests upon a firm taxonomic foundation, although papers dealing solely with systematics and nomenclature may have less priority than those dealing with conceptual and interpretive aspects of ichnology. Contributions from biologists and geologists are equally welcome.
The format for Ichnos is designed to accommodate several types of manuscripts, including Research Articles (comprehensive articles dealing with original, fundamental research in ichnology), and Short Communications (short, succinct papers treating certain aspects of the history of ichnology, book reviews, news and notes, or invited comments dealing with current or contentious issues). The large page size and two-column format lend flexibility to the design of tables and illustrations. Thorough but timely reviews and rapid publication of manuscripts are integral parts of the process.