叶面施肥对乌克兰南部草原向日葵生产力的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
O. Kovalenko, V. Palamarchuk, M. Korkhova, Ruslan Neroda
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文致力于对向日葵杂交品种Darius, NK Kamen, Tutti的生产力形成特点的科学研究结果,这取决于土壤中微量营养素的叶面追肥和Mykolaiv地区的气候条件。作物的生长及其形成直接依赖于天气、气候条件和作物养分的最佳组合。试验田土壤覆盖度以黑钙土、南部低腐殖质多尘壤土和褐桩森林区壤土为代表。根据流动元素的含量,土壤的特点是氮、磷含量平均,钾含量很高。在田间试验中,除了根据试验方案研究的变异品种外,该地区普遍接受向日葵栽培技术。在所研究的微肥变异中,按照试验方案对向日葵杂交植株进行叶面取食。在2020-2021年的双因素田间试验中,研究了高油葵杂交种的产量和籽粒品质随微肥施用时间的变化。所研究的向日葵杂交品种已列入乌克兰国家植物品种登记册,并建议在草原地区种植。结果表明,叶面施微肥对单株生产力表现有影响,特别是在6 ~ 8叶期施量子对向日葵杂交种NK Kamen的谷壳率为21.1%,比未施微肥的对照低0.8%,千粒重增加2.6%,筐径增加1.2 cm。微量肥对所研究杂交种产量的影响也各不相同:多年平均而言,在6-8叶期施用药物量子形成最高产量,为:杂交种大流士2.26 t / ha,杂交种NK卡门- 2.55 t / ha,杂交种图蒂- 2.41 t / ha;叶面施肥显著影响脂肪的质量,特别是最高的石油产量是通过应用量子相位的6 - 8叶混合NK卡门- 13.4公斤/公顷,比控制(由2.2公斤/公顷,没有含量)和最小的罗斯托克−使用阶段的6 - 8的叶子,在混合的大流士,达10.5 h /公顷,比1.2 h /公顷的控制。根据研究结果,建议在6-8叶的培养阶段,在叶面追肥4 l/ hm2的Kvantum微肥条件下,进行大田轮作播种,是NK - Kamen向日葵杂交品种的最佳选择。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
IMPACT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON SUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
The article is devoted to the results of scientific research on the peculiarities of the productivity formation of sunflower hybrids Darius, NK Kamen, Tutti, depending on foliar top-dressing of micronutrients in soil and climatic conditions of the Mykolaiv region. There is a direct dependence of crop growth and its formation on the optimal combination of weather and climatic conditions and nutrients of crops. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by chernozem southern low-humus dusty-heavy loam on brownish-pile forest-like loams. According to the content of mobile elements, the soil is characterized by an average content of nitrogen and phosphorus and a very high content of potassium. In the field experiment, sunflower cultivation techniques were generally accepted for the area, except for the variants studied according to the experimental scheme. In the variants where microfertilizers were studied, foliar feeding of sunflower hybrid plants was performed according to the experimental scheme. In a two-factor field experiment during 2020-2021, the yield and seed quality of high-oleic sunflower hybrids depending on the timing of microfertilizers were studied. The studied sunflower hybrids are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine and are recommended for cultivation in the Steppe zone. The results of the study showed that foliar fertilization with microfertilizers affects the performance of individual productivity, in particular when applying Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves on crops of sunflower hybrid NK Kamen husk was 21.1%, which is less than the control (without microfertilizers) by 0, 8%, and the weight of 1000 seeds was 2.6% larger, and accordingly the diameter of the basket increased by 1.2 cm. The effect of microfertilizers on the yield of the studied hybrids was also different: on average over the years the highest yield was formed by applying the drug Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves, and was: in the hybrid Darius 2.26 t / ha, in the hybrid NK Kamen − 2.55 t / ha and in the hybrid Tutti − 2.41 t / ha; Foliar fertilization significantly affected the quality of fat, in particular, the highest oil yield was obtained by applying Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves in the hybrid NK Kamen – at 13.4 kg / ha, which is more than the control (without microfertilizers) by 2.2 kg / ha, and the smallest − for the use of Rostock in the phase of 6-8 leaves, in the hybrid Darius, which amounted to 10.5 h / ha, which is more than the control of 1.2 h / ha. According to the research results, it is recommended to to carry out sowing in field crop rotations as the best option for NK Kamen sunflower hybrid under the condition of foliar top-dressing with Kvantum microfertilizer with a working fluid consumption rate of 4 l/ha in the culture phase of 6-8 leaves.
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来源期刊
Agriculture and Forestry
Agriculture and Forestry Environmental Science-Nature and Landscape Conservation
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
58
审稿时长
15 weeks
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