味觉感受器细胞的酸检测

John A. DeSimone , Vijay Lyall , Gerard L. Heck , George M. Feldman
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引用次数: 80

摘要

酸味是一种主要的味觉品质,在人类和许多其他动物中会引起先天的排斥反应。酸性刺激是酸味的独特来源,因此排斥反应可能有助于阻止摄入被产酸微生物破坏的食物。酸刺激味觉受体细胞(TRCs)的机制研究因物种多样性而变得复杂,而且在一个物种内,强酸和弱酸的机制明显不同。受体细胞是极化上皮细胞,具有不同的顶端和基底膜性质,这一事实使问题进一步复杂化。味觉细胞酸感知的细胞机制包括:质子直接阻断根尖K+通道、H+门控Ca2+通道、质子通过根尖酰胺可阻断的Na+通道传导、NPPB阻断的Cl -传导、质子门控通道BNC-1 (Na+通道/变性素超家族成员)的激活。酸诱导的细胞内pH值变化似乎与其他哺乳动物酸感细胞类似,如颈动脉体的i型细胞,以及在延髓腹外侧、孤立束核、延髓中缝和球核中发现的神经元。与i型颈动脉体细胞和脑干神经元一样,分离的TRCs在细胞内pH (pHi)和细胞外pH (pHo)之间表现出线性关系,斜率为ΔpHi/ΔpHo。当细胞内pH值与细胞外pH值相同时,酸感细胞似乎也会调节pHi,但当细胞外pH值降低导致pHi变化时,酸感细胞无法调节其pH。我们将讨论提出的酸感味觉机制的现状,强调受体细胞中的pH跟踪。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Acid detection by taste receptor cells

Sourness is a primary taste quality that evokes an innate rejection response in humans and many other animals. Acidic stimuli are the unique sources of sour taste so a rejection response may serve to discourage ingestion of foods spoiled by acid producing microorganisms. The investigation of mechanisms by which acids excite taste receptor cells (TRCs) is complicated by wide species variability and within a species, apparently different mechanisms for strong and weak acids. The problem is further complicated by the fact that the receptor cells are polarized epithelial cells with different apical and basolateral membrane properties. The cellular mechanisms proposed for acid sensing in taste cells include, the direct blockage of apical K+ channels by protons, an H+-gated Ca2+ channel, proton conduction through apical amiloride-blockable Na+ channels, a Cl conductance blocked by NPPB, the activation of the proton-gated channel, BNC-1, a member of the Na+ channel/degenerin super family, and by stimulus-evoked changes in intracellular pH. Acid-induced intracellular pH changes appear to be similar to those reported in other mammalian acid-sensing cells, such as type-I cells of the carotid body, and neurons found in the ventrolateral medulla, nucleus of the solitary tract, the medullary raphe, and the locus coceuleus. Like type-I carotid body cells and brainstem neurons, isolated TRCs demonstrate a linear relationship between intracellular pH (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHo) with slope, ΔpHi/ΔpHo near unity. Acid-sensing cells also appear to regulate pHi when intracellular pH changes occur under iso-extracellular pH conditions, but fail to regulate their pH when pHi changes are induced by decreasing extracellular pH. We shall discuss the current status of proposed acid-sensing taste mechanisms, emphasizing pH-tracking in receptor cells.

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