INCREASING COGNITIVE ACTIVITY AND INDEPENDENCE OF STUDENTS WHILE TEACHING TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY TO THEM

Objectives. To identify possible pedagogical conditions and methodological techniques of effective teaching influence on the increasing of the cognitive activity and independence (CAI) of students while acquiring and deepening their knowledge in topographic anatomy and operative surgery. Scientific analysis of psychological, pedagogical literature and personal experience shows that the problem of improving the forms and methods of educational work aimed at the increasing of the CAI of students in the process of studying the discipline is always before the teachers. While solving it, there are certain difficulties that many teachers associate with a low level of secondary education obtained, the complexity of the material studied, the admission to the university by means of testing, laziness of students, etc. The experience of the methods used and analyzed by the author shows ample opportunities for improving the cognitive activity of students, taking into account their individual interests and abilities to accumulate professional knowledge. Attention is paid to the implementation of a practice-oriented approach in teaching in combination with a systematic, creative, research, individual one, etc. to ensure the proportionate development of students’ theoretical and practical level of knowledge. A certain range of components of the conditions and factors of the educational process, in which there will be a close, bilateral, interested and productive educational activity of a student and a teacher, promoting the achievement of high educational results is shown.