{"title":"氨对植物的毒性","authors":"L.J.M. van der Eerden","doi":"10.1016/0304-1131(82)90015-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The toxicity of ammonia was evaluated and an estimate is given of (mass) concentration for no adverse effect: 75 μg/m<sup>3</sup> for a yearly average, 600 μg/m<sup>3</sup> for 24 h and 10 000 μg/m<sup>3</sup> for 1 h. Ammonia can cause various types of injury, including necrosis, growth reduction, growth stimulation and increased frost sensitivity. Several plant species have been assessed for sensitivity to ammonia. Some conifer species were relatively sensitive to low concentrations in the long term; some cultivars of cauliflower and tomato were relatively sensitive to somewhat higher concentrations for a short term. Plants were more sensitive in the dark than in daylight and better adapted to ammonia in high than in low temperatures. Availability of carbohydrates probably plays an important role: the plant can detoxify ammonia as long as it can convert ammonia into amino acids.</p><p>Special attention has been paid to plant injury around intensively managed livestock. The emission from these sources consists of a large number of components, ammonia proving to be the main toxic component.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100064,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Environment","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 223-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1982-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-1131(82)90015-7","citationCount":"184","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Toxicity of ammonia to plants\",\"authors\":\"L.J.M. van der Eerden\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/0304-1131(82)90015-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The toxicity of ammonia was evaluated and an estimate is given of (mass) concentration for no adverse effect: 75 μg/m<sup>3</sup> for a yearly average, 600 μg/m<sup>3</sup> for 24 h and 10 000 μg/m<sup>3</sup> for 1 h. Ammonia can cause various types of injury, including necrosis, growth reduction, growth stimulation and increased frost sensitivity. Several plant species have been assessed for sensitivity to ammonia. Some conifer species were relatively sensitive to low concentrations in the long term; some cultivars of cauliflower and tomato were relatively sensitive to somewhat higher concentrations for a short term. Plants were more sensitive in the dark than in daylight and better adapted to ammonia in high than in low temperatures. Availability of carbohydrates probably plays an important role: the plant can detoxify ammonia as long as it can convert ammonia into amino acids.</p><p>Special attention has been paid to plant injury around intensively managed livestock. The emission from these sources consists of a large number of components, ammonia proving to be the main toxic component.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":100064,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Agriculture and Environment\",\"volume\":\"7 3\",\"pages\":\"Pages 223-235\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1982-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-1131(82)90015-7\",\"citationCount\":\"184\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Agriculture and Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304113182900157\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agriculture and Environment","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304113182900157","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 184
摘要
对氨的毒性进行了评价,并给出了无不良反应的(质量)浓度估计:年平均75 μg/m3, 24 h 600 μg/m3, 1 h 10000 μg/m3。氨可引起各种类型的伤害,包括坏死、生长减少、生长刺激和霜敏感性增加。已经评估了几种植物对氨的敏感性。部分针叶树种对低浓度长期相对敏感;部分菜花和番茄品种在短期内对较高的浓度相对敏感。植物在黑暗中比在白天更敏感,在高温下比在低温下更适应氨。碳水化合物的可用性可能起着重要作用:只要植物能将氨转化为氨基酸,它就能解毒。对集约管理牲畜周围的植物伤害给予了特别关注。这些污染源的排放物含有大量的成分,氨被证明是主要的有毒成分。
The toxicity of ammonia was evaluated and an estimate is given of (mass) concentration for no adverse effect: 75 μg/m3 for a yearly average, 600 μg/m3 for 24 h and 10 000 μg/m3 for 1 h. Ammonia can cause various types of injury, including necrosis, growth reduction, growth stimulation and increased frost sensitivity. Several plant species have been assessed for sensitivity to ammonia. Some conifer species were relatively sensitive to low concentrations in the long term; some cultivars of cauliflower and tomato were relatively sensitive to somewhat higher concentrations for a short term. Plants were more sensitive in the dark than in daylight and better adapted to ammonia in high than in low temperatures. Availability of carbohydrates probably plays an important role: the plant can detoxify ammonia as long as it can convert ammonia into amino acids.
Special attention has been paid to plant injury around intensively managed livestock. The emission from these sources consists of a large number of components, ammonia proving to be the main toxic component.