具有新型合金和核壳纳米结构的铂和钯基催化剂在未来燃料电池中的实际应用:专利和重点

Nguyen Viet Long, Cao Minh Thi, M. Nogami, M. Ohtaki
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引用次数: 7

摘要

金属玻璃(MGs),又称玻璃金属(无定形金属、液态金属),被认为是未来的材料。金属玻璃是在非常低的临界冷却速率下形成的,与传统的非晶合金(通常在高冷却速率下形成)不同,以避免结晶。镁合金区别于普通非晶材料的最重要特征是玻璃化转变,当从高温冷却到低温时,超冷液体会转变为玻璃态。一些科学家一直在研究金属玻璃的形成机制和动力学、原子结构、力学性能的微观机制等。他们还一直在探索MG形成的原子尺度机制,并开发具有改进玻璃形成能力的新型大块玻璃合金和复合材料。其他科学家则专注于mg的制造和产业化。在中国科学院(CAS),目前有30多个研究小组在从事mg的科学研究、制备和应用。中国科学院非晶材料与物理小组开发了一系列具有功能物理性质的稀土基re - mg。在美国,一些科学团体在金属玻璃领域取得了成功的进展。更具体地说,来自耶鲁大学的美国团队和来自加州理工学院的科学小组更关注与mg(生产、工业化、生物医学材料和航空航天材料)有关的实际方面。这篇专利综述文章简要地研究了镁合金的工业化和一些环境方面,包括:大多数镁合金的生物相容性,从低纯度的工业原料中获得有价值的镁合金,镁合金在绿色能源应用(太阳能电池,制氢)中的应用,镁合金在催化剂系统中的应用以及金属玻璃在系统中用于保留和净化危险污染物的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pt and Pd based catalysts with novel alloy and core-shell nanostructures for practical applications in next fuel cells: Patents and highlights
Metallic Glasses (MGs), also called glassy metals (amorphous metals, liquid metals) are considered to be the materials of the future. Metallic glasses, formed at very low critical cooling rates, are different from traditional amorphous alloys (which are usually formed at high cooling rates) in order to avoid crystallization. The most important feature of MGs, which distinguishes them from ordinary amorphous materials, is the glass transition that transforms super cooled liquids into a glassy state when cooled from high to low temperature. Some scientists have been investigating the mechanisms and dynamics of metallic glass formation, their atomic structure, micromechanisms of mechanical properties, etc. They have also been exploring the atomic-scale mechanisms of MG formation and the development of new bulk glassy alloys and composites with improved glass-forming ability. Other scientists focus on manufacturing and industrialization of MGs. At the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), there are currently more than 30 groups working on the science, preparation and applications of MGs. The Amorphous Materials and Physics Group at CAS has developed a series of rare earth-based RE-MGs with functional physical properties. In the US, there are science groups that have made successful progress in the area of metallic glasses. More specifically, the US-based team from Yale and the science group from Caltech are more focused on practical aspects relating to MGs (production, industrialization, biomedical materials and aerospace materials). This patent review article briefly investigates the industrialization and some environmental aspects of MGs, as follows: biocompatibility of most MGs, obtaining valuable MGs from low-purity industrial raw materials, use of MGs in green energy applications (solar cells, hydrogen production), use of MGs in catalyst systems and possibilities for using metallic glasses in systems for retention and purification of dangerous pollutants.
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