Cu-kerosene and Al2O3-kerosene boundary layer nanofluid flow past a stretching/shrinking surface

A mathematical discussion of two different classes of nanofluids, such as Copper (Cu)-Kerosene and Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)-Kerosene, over a stretching/shrinking surface, has been discussed in this manuscript. Here Kerosene based nanofluids carry Copper and Aluminum oxide as nanoparticles. The ODEs are obtained from basic equations by introducing the similarity approach. The respective coupled nonlinear ODEs are solved with the help of a suitable numerical technique named as Runge-Kutta fourth-order method. It is found that Al2O3-Kerosene possesses a slightly greater velocity than Cu-Kerosene, but a reverse effect is found in the case of temperature and nanofluids. The presence of volume concentration is important due to the presence of nanoparticles as nanofluids property depends on the physical properties of nanoparticles.