用介电常数测量评价复杂孔隙结构地层的含水饱和度:在岩心尺度和对数尺度领域的应用

Zulkuf Azizoglu, Z. Heidari, Leonardo Goncalves, Lucas Abreu Blanes de Oliveira, Moacyr Silva Do Nascimento Neto
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引用次数: 0

摘要

宽带介质色散测量是评估充水孔隙体积的有吸引力的选择,特别是当定量盐浓度具有挑战性时。然而,用于解释介电测量的传统模型,如复折射率模型(CRIM)和麦克斯韦·加内特模型(MG),对孔隙结构和构成流体/矿物分布的假设过于简化。因此,在存在复杂孔隙结构、岩石成分和岩石组构(即固体/流体组分的空间分布)的情况下,基于介电的含水饱和度估计往往不可靠。本文的目标是:(a)提出一个简单的工作流程,用于解释对数尺度域的介电常数测量,其中考虑了复杂孔隙几何形状和矿物分布的影响;(b)实验验证了引入的工作流程在岩心尺度域的可靠性;(c)将引入的工作流程应用于基于测井的含水饱和度评估。介质介电常数模型包括与弯曲相关的参数,以考虑孔隙结构和岩石结构的复杂性,用于解释宽带介电色散测量。我们通过对岩心样品进行介电常数测量来估计每种岩石类型的弯曲相关参数。为了验证基于介质的水饱和度模型的可靠性,我们对具有复杂孔隙结构的碳酸盐地层的岩心塞进行了实验测量。我们还介绍了将引入的模型应用于介电色散测井的工作流程,以便逐层评估含水饱和度。测井尺度域的扭曲相关参数可以通过岩心尺度校准、完全含水区域的测井曲线或每种岩石类型的孔隙尺度评估来估计。本文采用第一种方法。我们成功地将引入的模型应用于Santos盆地盐下地层的岩心样品和测井曲线。在核心尺度域,使用引入的模型估算含水饱和度的平均相对误差小于11%(与重力测量相比)。与CRIM相比,引入的工作流程将含水饱和度估算提高了91%。结果证实了新介电模型的可靠性。在应用于测井资料时,我们观察到与使用传统有效介质模型(即CRIM)相比,含水饱和度估算结果有显著改善。所介绍的方法在岩心尺度和测井尺度上的应用结果都强调了在介电测量解释中考虑孔隙结构的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessment of Water Saturation Using Dielectric Permittivity Measurements in Formations with Complex Pore Structure: Application to the Core- and Log- Scale Domains
Broadband dielectric dispersion measurements are attractive options for assessment of water-filled pore volume, especially when quantifying salt concentration is challenging. However, conventional models for interpretation of dielectric measurements such as Complex Refractive Index Model (CRIM) and Maxwell Garnett (MG) model require oversimplifying assumptions about pore structure and distribution of constituting fluids/minerals. Therefore, dielectric-based estimates of water saturation are often not reliable in the presence of complex pore structure, rock composition, and rock fabric (i.e., spatial distribution of solid/fluid components). The objectives of this paper are (a) to propose a simple workflow for interpretation of dielectric permittivity measurements in log-scale domain, which takes the impacts of complex pore geometry and distribution of minerals into account, (b) to experimentally verify the reliability of the introduced workflow in the core-scale domain, and (c) to apply the introduced workflow for well-log-based assessment of water saturation. The dielectric permittivity model includes tortuosity-dependent parameters to honor the complexity of the pore structure and rock fabric for interpretation of broadband dielectric dispersion measurements. We estimate tortuosity-dependent parameters for each rock type from dielectric permittivity measurements conducted on core samples. To verify the reliability of dielectric-based water saturation model, we conduct experimental measurements on core plugs taken from a carbonate formation with complex pore structures. We also introduce a workflow for applying the introduced model to dielectric dispersion well logs for depth-by-depth assessment of water saturation. The tortuosity-dependent parameters in log-scale domain can be estimated either via experimental core-scale calibration, well logs in fully water-saturated zones, or pore-scale evaluation in each rock type. The first approach is adopted in this paper. We successfully applied the introduced model on core samples and well logs from a pre-salt formation in Santos Basin. In the core-scale domain, the estimated water saturation using the introduced model resulted in an average relative error of less than 11% (compared to gravimetric measurements). The introduced workflow improved water saturation estimates by 91% compared to CRIM. Results confirmed the reliability of the new dielectric model. In application to well logs, we observed significant improvements in water saturation estimates compared to cases where a conventional effective medium model (i.e., CRIM) was used. The documented results from both core-scale and well-log-scale applications of the introduced method emphasize on the importance of honoring pore structure in the interpretation of dielectric measurements.
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