通过焊后爆炸处理提高高强铝合金FSW接头性能的概念

R. Kosturek
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摘要

介绍了高强铝合金FSW接头焊后爆破处理的理论背景和技术要点。虽然FSW可以有效地连接高强度铝合金,但在强化阶段产生的热量会引起不希望的变化,从而使连接效率达到80%左右。这些接头的承载能力可以通过焊后处理(如喷丸强化、激光冲击强化)来提高。本文提出了一种新的、有潜力的焊后处理方法,它是基于炸药爆轰过程中产生的冲击波对焊接接头的影响。这种焊后爆炸处理会导致低硬度区硬化,这往往决定了析出硬化铝合金FSW接头的力学性能。研究表明,爆炸焊接退火后的铝合金由于高速碰撞,其显微硬度可提高25%左右。如果在爆炸硬化中可以达到类似的效果,则低硬度区的显微硬度将增加,从而改善整个接头的力学性能。金属加工中使用的各种炸药材料(包括从大约2000米/秒到8000米/秒的爆速值)和不同的冲击波影响系统提供了许多技术可能性。在这项工作中,讨论了两种不同的爆炸硬化系统:直接将爆炸性材料放置在处理过的焊接板上和附加驱动板,这提供了更高的压力脉冲。考虑到高振幅冲击波的影响会给结构带来缺陷,降低焊接接头的残余应力,适当的技术体系的应用将有可能提高所讨论的接头的承载能力,特别是在循环加载条件下。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The concept of improvement high-strength aluminum alloys FSW joint properties via post-weld explosive treatment
The study describes the theoretical background and technological aspects of the post-weld explosive treatment of high-strength aluminum alloy FSW joints. Although FSW allows to effective join high-strength aluminum alloys, the heat generated during the process causes undesirable changes in the strengthening phase, giving a joint efficiency of about 80%. The load-carrying capabilities of these joints can be increased via post-weld treatment (e.g. shot peening, laser shock peening). The new, potential post-weld treatment that is presented in this paper is based on the affection of the welded joint by a shock wave generated during the detonation of explosive material. Such post-weld explosive treatment would result in the hardening of the low-hardness zone, which often determines the mechanical properties of precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy FSW joints. Studies show that explosive welding of annealed aluminum alloys increases their microhardness by about 25% as the result of a high-velocity collision. If a similar effect can be achieved in explosive hardening, the microhardness of the low-hardness zone will increase entailing an improvement of entire joint mechanical properties. The variety of explosives materials used in metalworking (covering the values of detonation velocity from about 2000 m/s to 8000 m/s) and different systems for shock-wave affection gives many technological possibilities. In this work are discussed two different explosive hardening systems: with direct placement of explosive material on a treated welded plate and with an additional driven plate, which provides a higher pressure impulse. Considering that affecting of high amplitude shock wave introduces defects into the structure and decreases residual stresses in the welded joints, the application of an appropriate technological system creates a potential for improving the load-carrying capacities of discussed joints, especially in a condition of cyclic loading.
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