Spatial Analysis of Mangrove Distribution Using Landsat 8 Oli in Badung Regency and Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia

Bali is an island situated among the Indonesian archipelago with huge potential to host mangrove forests. Using remote sensing technology advances, satellite images, such as Landsat images, might be employed to analyse mangrove forest distribution and density. This paper presents an analysis of mangrove distribution in Badung Regency and Denpasar City, Bali, as a basis for the management and conservation of mangrove ecosystems. This study used Landsat 8 OLI images and a vegetation index to analyse the mangrove forest distribution and density in this area. It started by identifying mangrove forests using the RGB 564 band and continued to distinguish between mangrove and non-mangrove objects using unsupervised classification, before analysing mangrove density using the NDVI formula. The results show that the mangrove forest area in 2020 was 1,269.20 ha, with an accuracy rate of 83%. Mangroves were found on the deepest or most curved coastline of the Benoa Bay area, on enclosed waters. This distribution follows the river network in the lower reach, which has thick deposits and is uninfluenced by large currents and waves. Based on the vegetation index analysis results, the mangrove forest area observed mainly had a moderate density, with a total area of 510.85 ha (40%), followed by high density (413.15 ha/ 33%) and low density (340.51 ha/ 27%).