乌克兰北部草原冬小麦氮肥栽培的经济效益

O. M. Drumova, I. I. Hasanova, A. Kulyk
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摘要

2016-2019年,在乌克兰北部草原,在国家农业科学院粮食作物研究所,研究了不同类型氮肥(硝酸铵、尿素-硝酸铵混合物(un -32)、硫酸铵)的植物饲喂对黑色休耕后和向日葵后冬小麦种植经济效益的影响。结果表明,单粒成本最低,每公顷净收入最高,盈利水平最高的是在两种前代作物播前施肥(黑色休耕后为N30P60K30,向日葵后为N60P60K60)的试验型,在两个日期局部施用氮肥:冻融土壤上施用N30 +植株分蘖期末施用N30。在研究的冬小麦品种中,高值品种科汉卡、强效品种欧德斯卡和乌日诺克的上述指标以欧德斯卡品种最好,在黑色休耕后种植时,根据氮肥类型分别达到2055 ~ 2222 UAH /公顷、2847 ~ 30089 UAH /公顷和200.2 ~ 224.6%。向日葵后同一品种两日施氮时,不同肥料类型的指标差异较大:1粒吨成本为2813 ~ 2953 UAH,净收入为16802 ~ 17821 UAH/ha,盈利水平为125.9 ~ 137.1%。非休耕后的尤日诺克冬小麦品种经济指标最低,产量低于奥代斯卡和科汉卡。结果表明,尿素-硝酸铵混肥(UAN-32)对冬小麦品种的经济栽培效率均较高,硫酸铵越昂贵,经济栽培效率越低。关键词:冬小麦,品种,前身,矿物肥,氮肥,产量,经济效益
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Economic efficiency of nitrogen feedings for winter wheat cultivation in northen Steppe of Ukraine
In the northern Steppe of Ukraine at the State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS for 2016–2019, we studied the influence of plant feeding with different types of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea ammonium nitrate mixture (UAN-32), ammonium sulfate) on the economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation after black fallow and after sunflower. It was established that the lowest cost of one grain ton, the highest net income per hectare and profitability level were in the trial variant where after both predecessors against the background of pre-sowing fertilization (N30P60K30 – after black fallow and N60P60K60 – after sunflower) feeding crops with nitrogen fertilizers was locally applied on two dates: N30 on freeze-thawed soil + N30 at the end of plant tillering stage. The above indicators among the studied varieties of winter wheat, such as Kokhanka (valuable variety), Nyva odeska and Uzhynok (strong varieties), were the best in the Nyva odeska variety, and they achieved at cultivation after black fallow depending on the type of nitrogen fertilizers 2055– 2222 UAH, 28470–30089 UAH per hectare and 200.2–224.6 %, respectively. When growing the same variety after sunflower with nitrogen feedings on two dates, the indicators ranged depending on the fertilizer type: the cost of one grain ton – 2813–2953 UAH, net income – 16802–17821 UAH/ha and profitability level – 125.9–137.1 %. The Uzhynok winter wheat variety after the non-fallow predecessor had the lowest economic indicators and produced lower yield compared to Nyva odeska and Kohanka varieties. It was found that Urea Ammonium Nitrate mixture (UAN-32) fertilizer for nitrogen feedings provided the higher economic cultivation efficiency of all winter wheat varieties, and the more expensive ammonium sulfate had the lower efficiency after both predecessors. Keywords: winter wheat, variety, predecessor, mineral fertilizers, nitrogen feedings, yield, economic efficiency.
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