Orbital Lymphoproliferative Disorders (OLPDs) in a 3-year-old Child: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background: Orbital lymphoproliferative disorders (OLPDs) consist of a spectrum of diseases ranging from benign to malignant lesions including reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphoma. OLPDs rarely present as an orbital mass lesion in children. Accurate discrimination of OLPDs is crucial for treatment planning. We report a case to investigate the clinical and pathological features of OLPDs in children. Case presentation: A 3-year-old female with orbital mass was admitted to the hospital and proceeded to have a CT orbit which showed an orbital mass. The orbital mass was removed after operation and pathologic diagnosis was identified. Pathological diagnosis with histopathological features and immunohistochemical markers was lymphoproliferative lesion in the left orbit. The diagnosis was consistent with OLPDs. There was no recurrence after one-year follow-up. Conclusions: OLPDs are rare in children. The clinical manifestations and imaging have no specificity; pathological diagnosis with histopathological features and immunohistochemical markers is the main basis for the diagnosis and treatment.