冠状病毒病(COVID-19)肺外表现:现状(文献综述)

IF 0.1 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
O. Riabokon, K. Pak, Y. Riabokon, O. O. Furyk, V. V. Cherkaskyi
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本研究旨在分析有关新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)肺外表现的现代观点的文献资料。本文在分析现有文献的基础上,分析了新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)作为一种多系统疾病的临床表现,主要表现为肺和肺外两种类型。确定肺外症状的发病机制,一方面是SARS-CoV-2对ACE2受体的趋向性,不仅通过肺泡上皮II型细胞表达,还可通过心脏、神经系统、血管内皮、小肠和大肠细胞、表皮基底层细胞、内分泌器官细胞等表达,另一方面是免疫依赖机制,特别是“细胞因子风暴”的形成。结果表明,新冠肺炎肺外表现谱很广,临床表现具有明显的多态性特征。结合胃肠道、神经系统、心血管和内分泌系统、皮肤等脏器对COVID-19肺外症状进行分析。值得注意的是,明确的肺外表现与COVID-19病程严重程度之间存在一定的关联。因此,特定的肺外表现与较轻的COVID-19病程相关(嗅觉丧失、认知障碍等),而其他的,反之亦然,则发生在严重的疾病中(肝脏、肾脏、心脏、胰腺的损害)。此外,一些肺外表现,特别是神经系统的表现,即使在疾病的急性期后仍可能存在。本文还对目前在少数患者中描述的一些肺外表现进行了综述。COVID-19的特点是广泛和高频率的肺外表现,这与SARS-CoV-2的直接作用和免疫依赖机制有关。一些肺外表现与COVID-19的轻度病程有关,而另一些则相反,发生在严重疾病中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Extrapulmonary manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): current status (a literature review)
The aim of the study is to analyze the literature data on modern views concerning extrapulmonary manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Based on the analysis of current publications, the article analyzes the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a multisystem disorder with two main types of clinical manifestations, namely pulmonary and extrapulmonary. Determining pathogenetic mechanisms of extrapulmonary symptoms are, on the one hand, the tropism of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptors, expressed not only by alveolar epithelial type II cells, but also by cells of the heart, nervous system, vascular endothelium, small and large intestine, basal layer cells of the epidermis, cells of endocrine organs, etc., and on the other hand, immune-dependent mechanisms, in particular the development of “cytokine storm”. It is shown that the spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 is very wide, and clinical manifestations are characterized by significant polymorphism. Extrapulmonary symptoms of COVID-19 were analyzed considering the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, skin and others. Attention is drawn to a certain association between definite extrapulmonary manifestations and the severity of COVID-19 course. Thus, particular extrapulmonary manifestations are associated with a milder course of COVID-19 (anosmia, dysgeusia, etc.), others, vice versa, occur in severe disease (damage to liver, kidney, heart, pancreas). In addition, some extrapulmonary manifestations, especially of the nervous system, may remain in patients even after an acute period of the disease. Some extrapulmonary manifestations, which are currently described in a small number of patients, are also reviewed. Conclusions. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range and high frequency of extrapulmonary manifestations, which is explained by both the direct action of SARS-CoV-2 and immune-dependent mechanisms. Some extrapulmonary manifestations are associated with a milder course of COVID-19, others, on the contrary, occur in severe disease.  
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来源期刊
Zaporozhye Medical Journal
Zaporozhye Medical Journal MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
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0.00%
发文量
72
审稿时长
8 weeks
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