Theoretical analysis on the measurement accuracy of embedded strain sensor in asphalt pavement dynamic response monitoring based on FEM

Embedded strain sensors are the primary measurement device for strain in the tensile layer of asphalt pavement. The favorable deformation compatibility between embedded strain sensor and asphalt layer is the key to ensure the precise measurement of mechanical response. However, the good deformation coordination may be difficult to maintain under different environments due to the viscoelasticity of asphalt mixture. In this study, 4‐point bending beam tests were performed to investigate deformation compatibility between embedded strain sensor and asphalt mixture under different temperature. Then, a quasi‐static finite element model (FEM) was employed to simulate static mechanical response of asphalt pavement, and the design requirements for embedded strain sensor were proposed considering deformation coordination. In addition, the rationality of the design requirements of the sensor was further validated in the dynamic response monitoring. The results indicate that the deformation compatibility between embedded strain sensor and pavement material changes at different temperatures. In order to ensure favorable deformation compatibility, the reinforcement of the protective housing should be eliminated and the equivalent modulus (EM) of the sensitive element shall be the same as that of the asphalt mixture. Considering the viscoelasticity of asphalt mixture, the strain sensor with lower EM is recommended in the dynamic response monitoring of pavement structure. This study provides a basis for optimizing the embedded strain sensor of asphalt pavement from the perspective of deformation compatibility.